Figure 3

Metformin (27 mM) effects on TMA production from choline (A, B) and bacterial growth (C, D) in K. pneumoniae (A and C) and P. mirabilis (B and D) under anaerobic conditions. The results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent replicates for A and 4 for B, C and D. * P < 0.05 vs. respective time point control (t-test). The maximum absorbance value for turbid suspensions in the colorimeter used in the experiments was 1.4.