Table 2 Concentrations (pg/mL) of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the serum of CD, UC, and control patients.

From: Serological cytokine signature in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease impacts diagnosis

 

CD

UC

Control

p-value*

CD vs. UC†

CD vs. controls†

UC vs. controls†

Cytokine panel

IFN-γ

18.59 (15.14–45.39)

24.37 (8.68–42.78)

33.14 (10.94–117.96)

    

IL-1β

0.72 (0.43–8.03)

0.24 (0.06–1.05)

0.25 (0.16–0.62)

 < 0.001

n.s

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-2

1.79 (1.02–2.58)

1.02 (0.75–3.14)

1.41 (0.39–6.44)

    

IL-4

1.86 (1.22–2.76)

1.19 (0.45–2.47)

0.87 (0.60–1.76)

 < 0.01

n.s

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-6

6.94 (1.88–23.73)

2.20 (0.61–6.48)

1.40 (0.01–4.39)

 < 0.001

 < 0.05

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-10

9.82 (5.03–21.18)

3.84 (0.49–16.95)

3.92 (0.34–14.8)

 < 0.05

n.s

 < 0.05

n.s

IL-13

4.17 (2.94–7.46)

2.52 (0.35–6.29)

2.28 (0.41–6.32)

 < 0.01

 < 0.05

 < 0.01

n.s

TNF-α

22.76 (9.43–43.45)

7.44 (0.58–17.08)

5.41 (0.39–32.66)

 < 0.01

n.s

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-1ra

27.4 (1.66–60.7)

1.81 (1.18–40.21)

1.58 (1.18–2.28)

 < 0.01

n.s

n.s

n.s

IL-5

6.98 (0.38–8.4)

0.47 (0.02–7.55)

0.44 (0.06–2.5)

 < 0.01

n.s

 < 0.01

n.s

IL-7

6.4 (4.07–11.84)

4.01 (0.66–4.57)

2.28 (0.35–8.06)

 < 0.001

 < 0.01

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-9

18.89 (13.92–31.83)

15.87 (4.89–19.93)

10.25 (3.41–44.28)

    

IL-12

21.77 (3.99–40.41)

2.49 (0.46–10.85)

1.45 (0.06–3.63)

 < 0.001

n.s

 < 0.001

n.s

IL-15

0.02 (0.02–3.23)

0.59 (0.01–1.5)

0.51 (0.06–2.55)

    

IL-17

26.89 (20.59–49.16)

30.05 (10.55–45.49)

19.77 (3.84–76.79)

    

Chemokine panel

IL-8

6.95 (3.53–2,175.5)

8.96 (1.83–22.0)

4.19 (1.15–37.95)

 < 0.05

n.s

n.s

n.s

Eotaxin

29.32 (17.83–38.69)

26.33 (6.84–41.66)

10.84 (0.73–63.28)

    

IP-10

380.67 (183.63–681.66)

205.68 (142.24–418.05)

148.96 (41.0–875.6)

 < 0.01

n.s

n.s

n.s

MCP-1

2.72 (1.07–26.07)

3.06 (0.5–9.21)

5.04 (1.55–19.92)

    

MIP-1α

4.26 (0.78–52.31)

2.01 (0.17–3.82)

1.96 (0.04–6.33)

    

MIP-1β

40.65 (16.92–567.33)

33.31 (10.72–54.02)

25.34 (3.97–81.01)

    

Growth factors

G-CSF

10.32 (6.51–16.49)

8.97 (1.68–22.22)

2.94 (1.59–6.44)

 < 0.001

n.s

 < 0.001

n.s

GM-CSF

4.91 (1.18–13.72)

6.99 (1.67–14.36)

7.91 (1.27–29.27)

    

VEGF

77.34 (37.83–193.24)

17.47 (2.55–121.4)

31.1 (1.13–71.31)

 < 0.01

 < 0.05

 < 0.001

n.s

FGF-basic

9.85 (8.02–22.53)

5.0 (3.49–18.93)

5.92 (0.10–38.03)

 < 0.05

n.s

 < 0.01

n.s

  1. Data are presented as median or numbers (proportions). Differences between the three groups were statistically compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test (*). P-value shows the results of Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (†).
  2. ns not significant, CD Crohn’s disease, UC ulcerative colitis, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TNF tumour necrosis factor, ra receptor antagonist, IP-10 IFN-γ-induced protein 10, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, MIP macrophage inflammatory protein, G-CSF granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, FGF fibroblast growth factor.
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