Table 1 Comparison of different types of biosensors developed for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and avian influenza virus based on limit of detection (LOD) and range of detection.
Type of biosensor | Limit of detection | Range | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Japanese encephalitis virus | |||
Silanized interdigitated electrochemical sensor | 0.75 μg/mL | 1 to 10 μg/mL | |
FRET based virus-MIP fluorescent optical sensor | 9.6 pM | 24 to 960 pM | |
MIP silica microspheres based fluorescence optical sensor | 0.11 pM | 2.4 to 24 pM | |
Magnetic MIP based resonance light scattering optical sensor | 1.3 pM | – | |
Electrochemical sensor using APTES-glutaraldehyde-serum | 10 ng/mL | 25 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL | |
Polyaniline nanowires-based interdigitated platinum electrochemical sensor | < 10 ng/mL | 10 to 500 ng/mL | |
Gold coated magnetic bead based electrochemical sensor with MWCNT | 0.56 ng/mL | 0.84 to 11,200 ng/mL | |
AuNP based SPCE electrochemical impedimetric electrochemical sensor | 167 pfu/mL | 500 to 5 × 105 pfu/mL | |
AgNP based silanized glass slide optical sensor | 12.8 ng/mL | 14 to 100 ng/mL | |
CNP (from starch NP) based SPCE electrochemical sensor | 2 ng/mL | 5 to 20 ng/mL | |
CNP (from chitosan NP) based SPCE electrochemical sensor | 0.36 ng/mL | 1 to 20 ng/mL | |
GraFET based electrochemical sensor | 1 fM | 1 fM to 1 μM | Current work |
Avian influenza virus | |||
Microgravimetric QCM based piezoelectric sensor | 4 virus particles/mL (29.6 ng/mL) | 0.02 to 3 HAU | |
AuNP based QCM piezoelectric sensor | 103 pfu/mL (10 μg/mL) | 103 to 107 pfu/mL | |
Interdigitated array microelectrode based faradic impedance electrochemical sensor | 103 EID50/mL | 103 to 107 EID50/mL | |
Portable impedance electrochemical sensor | 103 EID50/mL | 102 to 105 EID50/mL | |
Nanobeads based QCM piezoelectric sensor | 0.128 HAU | 0.128 to 12.8 HAU | |
Magnetic nanobeads and microfluidic chip with an interdigitated array microelectrode based non-faradic impedance electrochemical sensor | 102.2 ELD50/mL | 101.2 to 105.2 ELD50/mL | |
EIS based electrochemical sensor | 8 ng/mL | 0 to 64 ng/mL | |
QD-induced FRET based fluorescence sensor | 0.5 nM | 0.5 nM to 1 μM | |
SPR based optical sensor | 0.128 HAU | 0.128 to 12.8 HAU | |
Magnetic nanobeads based QCM piezoelectric sensor | 1 HAU | – | |
SPR based optical sensor | 67 fM | – | |
Hydrogel based QCM piezoelectric sensor | 0.0128 HAU | 0.0128 to 64 HAU | |
EIS based universal impedance electrochemical sensor | 20 pg/mL | 10 to 80 pg/mL | |
AgNP based fluorescence optical sensor | 10–13 g/mL | 10−12 to 10−8 g/mL | |
Polypyrrole modified with ferrocene transducer based impedance electrochemical sensor | 0.42 nM | 5 nM to 1.5 mM | |
BaGdF5:Yb/Er UCNP-AuNP LRET based optical sensor | 7 pM | 10 pM to 10 pM | |
Co-porphyrins based impedance electrochemical genosensor | 21 fM | 10 to 80 fM | |
Isothermal exponential amplification coupled with hybridization chain reaction of DNAzyme nanowires based electrochemical impedance genosensor | 9.4 fM | 50 to 100 pM | |
AuCNT and QD based PAFI optical sensor | 0.1 pg/mL 50 PFU/mL | 50 to 10,000 PFU/mL | |
Bifunctional magnetic beads based electrochemical sensor | 6.8 pg/mL | 0.01 to 20 ng/mL | |
Ag@SiO2 NP based MEF optical sensor | 2 ng/mL (buffer) 3.5 ng/mL (serum) | 2 to 100 ng/mL | |
AuNP on carbon chips based amperometric electrochemical genosensor | 100 fM | 100 fM to 100 pM | |
AgNP coated graphene based impedance electrochemical sensor | 1.6 pg/mL | 1.6 × 10–3 to 16 ng/mL | |
Phase-intensity SPR based optical sensor | 193.3 ng/mL | – | |
GraFET based electrochemical sensor | 10 fM | 1 fM to 1 μM | Current work |
