Figure 3

Topological fingerprints—GLN matrices. Left, the fingerprints \({\hbox {gL}}_1\) (top) and \({\hbox {gL}}_3\) (bottom), respectively, for proteins with one and three piercings of the , based on proteins with pdb codes 1i1j and 2ehg. Right, the fingerprints \({\hbox {gL}}_2\) (top) and gLS (bottom), respectively, for proteins with two piercings of the minimal surface spanned on the loop in the opposite direction and the same direction (supercoiling), based on proteins with pdb codes 2ehg and 1zd0. Arrows begin in the places on the matrices where color is rapidly changing implying that the tail is in the critical phase of winding around the loop and the GLN is quickly increasing or decreasing. On the other side, on the diagrams they indicate the neighborhoods of possible corresponding piercings. The colors of the arrows indicate directions of windings.