Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

From: Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi

	LNS	Non-LNS	p Value	Total included	Excluded	p Value
Participants, n	167	348		515	354
Maternal
Age at enrollment, years†	25.0 ± 5.9	25.4 ± 6.5	0.515	25.2 ± 6.3	24.1 ± 6.1	0.008
Height, cm†	156.7 ± 5.8	156.1 ± 5.6	0.291	156.3 ± 5.7	155.8 ± 5.9	0.163
BMI, kg/m^2†	21.8 ± 2.3	22.0 ± 2.8	0.496	21.9 ± 2.7	22.3 ± 3.0	0.101
Education completed, years†	3.2 ± 2.9	3.3 ± 3.2	0.939	3.2 ± 3.1	4.1 ± 3.6	< 0.001
Positive malaria RDT‡	21.1	22.3	0.764	21.9	24.6	0.353
HIV + ‡	15.0	11.2	0.227	12.4	9.7	0.238
Household
Food insecure‡	40.0	40.1	0.980	40.1	34.6	0.118
Access to flushing toilet‡	9.6	11.3	0.576	10.7	9.3	0.523
Household asset score, z-score†	− 0.12 ± 0.96	− 0.06 ± 0.96	0.502	− 0.08 ± 0.96	0.21 ± 1.13	< 0.001
Child
Female‡	47.3	53.2	0.214	51.3	56.2	0.192
LAZ at 6 mo†	− 1.54 ± 1.10	− 1.52 ± 1.14	0.819	− 1.53 ± 1.13	− 1.55 ± 1.16	0.780
WAZ at 6 mo†	− 0.76 ± 1.15	− 0.77 ± 1.09	0.898	− 0.77 ± 1.11	− 0.92 ± 1.17	0.109
WLZ at 6 mo†	0.00 ± 1.12	− 0.02 ± 1.03	0.795	− 0.01 ± 1.06	− 0.20 ± 1.12	0.047
HCZ at 6 mo†	− 0.63 ± 0.94	− 0.64 ± 1.00	0.958	− 0.63 ± 0.98	− 0.93 ± 1.08	0.001
High AGP at 6 mo‡	65.0	64.1	0.864	64.4	64.3	0.983
High CRP at 6 mo‡	28.3	27.9	0.939	28.0	34.0	0.173
Breastfeeding at 6 mo‡	100	99.1	0.999	99.4	98.2	0.182
Predominantly breastfeeding*‡	13.1	17.7	0.234	16.2	17.3	0.772
Consumed maize porridge*‡	87.9	93.2	0.062	91.5	89.0	0.398
Consumed animal- source food*‡	66.7	73.3	0.148	71.1	71.3	0.965
Bifidobacterium (above median)‡	52.3	49.0	0.496
Lactobacillus (above median)‡	54.2	48.1	0.206
Clostridium (above median)‡	51.0	49.9	0.818
Dorea (above zero)‡	65.2	62.5	0.565
Enterococcus (above median)‡	49.0	51.4	0.633
Escherichia (above median)‡	63.9	63.1	0.863
Faecalibacterium (above zero)‡	53.0	61.9	0.061
Ruminococcus (above median)‡	47.8	53.2	0.266
Streptococcus (above median)‡	54.8	47.7	0.145
Firmicutes (above median)‡	49.7	50.2	0.923
Bacteroidetes (above median)‡	52.3	49.0	0.496
Enterobacteriaceae (above median)‡	47.74	51.35	0.458
Bacteroidaceae (above median)‡	47.74	51.05	0.496
Shannon Diversity†	1.59 ± 0.60	1.59 ± 0.56	0.981
Chao1†	218.7 ± 140.9	229.7 ± 144.8	0.080
MAZ†	0.66 ± 2.34	0.48 ± 2.30	0.345

*Dietary practices were assessed between 5 and 7 months of age. Predominant breastfeeding is defined as consuming only breastmilk and/or water-based liquids. Porridge and animal source food prevalence defined by consumption in the previous 24 h.
^†Values for intervention groups shown as mean ± standard deviation.
^‡Values for intervention groups shown as percent.

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Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

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