Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors associated with AVN in childhood SLE.
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Age at onset of SLE (years) | ||||
6–12 | 1 | Reference | ||
13–20 | 1.553 (0.607–3.970) | 0.358 | ||
Female | 3.050 (0.735–12.656) | 0.124 | ||
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 0.935 (0.429–2.035) | 0.865 | ||
Hyperlipidemia | 1.612 (0.711–3.654) | 0.253 | ||
LN | 1.637 (0.873–3.070) | 0.124 | ||
Proteinuria | 0.798 (0.284–2.246) | 0.669 | ||
Nephrotic syndrome | 1.531 (0.745–3.144) | 0.246 | ||
Treatment | ||||
Cyclophosphamide | 1.677 (0.891–3.157) | 0.109 | ||
DMARDs | ||||
Sulfasalazine | 0.893 (0.123–6.503) | 0.911 | ||
Azathioprine | 1.124 (0.577–2.190) | 0.731 | ||
Hydroxychloroquine | 0.426 (0.202–0.897) | 0.025* | 0.764 (0.334–1.749) | 0.524 |
Cumulative duration of hydroxychloroquine use > 627 days | 0.362 (0.189–0.693) | 0.002* | 0.335 (0.162–0.694) | 0.003* |
Mean daily dose of prednisolone-equivalent doses | ||||
Low dose (≤ 7.5 mg/day) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
Medium dose (7.5–30 mg/day) | 6.493 (2.525–16.698) | < 0.001* | 7.435 (2.882–19.178) | < 0.001* |
High dose (> 30 mg/day) | 9.609 (2.287–40.372) | 0.002* | 9.366 (2.225–39.418) | 0.002* |
Total cumulative dose of prednisolone > 5 g | 0.789 (0.373–1.667) | 0.534 | ||
