Table 1 The estimated theoretical parameters of the kinetic models, isotherm models, and the thermodynamic studies.

Pseudo-first order

k₁ (mg/min)

0.006

Langmuir

q_{max (mg/g)}

106.75

b(L/mg)

0.219

qe (Cal) (mg/g)

37.73

R²

0.98

R²

0.98

R_L

0.044–0.313

X²

0.16

Pseudo-Second order

k₂ (mg/min)

1.86 × 10^–4

Freundlich

1/n

0.249

K_F

40.31

R²

0.83

qe (Cal) (mg/g)

48.78

X²

0.321

R²

0.99

Elovich

β (g/mg)

0.0976

Dubinin–Radushkevich

β (mol²/KJ²)

12.35

q_m (mg/g)

99.14

α (mg/g min)

108.65

R²

0.90

E (KJ/mol)

0.2

R²

0.96

∆G° (kJ mol⁻¹)

303

 − 19.54

308

 − 19.64

313

 − 19.42

318

 − 18.95

323

 − 18.12

328

 − 17.01

333

 − 14.24

ΔH° (kJ mol⁻¹)

 − 67.78

ΔS° (J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹)

 − 156.15