Figure 3

Generalized additive model partial effects for the population variation model of the relationship between the delta in little bustard density across surveys (2016–2003–2006) and the environmental predictors. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. The y-axis shows the contribution of the fitted centered smooth terms s (names of the predictor, estimated degrees of freedom) to the response variable (delta in little bustard density between survey). Ticks on the x-axis represent the location of observations along the predictor.