Table 1 Typical preparation methods of Sb nano materials.

Nanocrystals

~ 5–50 nm tunable

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL)

This work

Nanocrystals

~ 10 − 20 nm

Solvothermal

²⁸

Nanocrystals

~ 20 nm

Solvothermal

²⁷

Nanocrystals

~ 34 nm

NaBH₄ reduction

²¹

Nanocrystals

4 nm

NaBH₄ reduction

⁴¹

Nanocrystals in carbon microsphere

< 10 nm (C sphere ~ 0.5 μm)

Spray pyrolysis

¹¹

Nanocrystals in carbon nanosheets

~ 100 nm

Sol–gel + thermal treatment

¹²

Bundle-like nanorods

(50–80) * (200–300) nm

Solvothermal

¹⁸

Rod-like nanocrystals (in carbon fibers)

Diameter 10–30 nm

Electrospinning + high temperature reduction

⁸

Nanocrystals (in carbon fibers)

4 nm

Electrospinning + high temperature reduction

⁹

Antimonene nanosheets

0.5–1.5 μm (thickness 5–30 nm)

Solution-phase synthesis

³³

Sb/antimonene nanoparticles

~ 55 nm

Liquid exfoliation (Ultrasound probe sonication)

²²

Antimonene dots

~ 2.8 nm (Thickness: ~ 1.6 nm)

Liquid exfoliation (ultrasound probe sonication)

¹⁹

Antimonene dots

2.4 ± 1.2 nm (Thickness: 1.6–2.5 nm)

Liquid exfoliation (ultrasound probe sonication)

²⁰

Antimonene dots

3.4 nm (Thickness: 3.2 nm)

Liquid exfoliation (ultrasound probe sonication)

⁴²

Antimonene nanosheets

~ 108.0 nm (Thickness: ~ 4.5 nm)

Liquid exfoliation (ultrasound probe sonication)

²⁰

Sb nanosheets

~ 350 nm (Thickness: ~ 3.5 nm)

Cathodic exfoliation

⁴⁰