Figure 3

Proposed biosynthesis pathways of saponins in Panax plants. Ac-CoA, acetyl-CoA; PgDDS, dammarenediol synthase; PgAS, β-amyrin synthase; CYP, cytochrome P450; CPR, cytochrome P450 reductase; and UGT, UDP-glycosyltransferase.

Proposed biosynthesis pathways of saponins in Panax plants. Ac-CoA, acetyl-CoA; PgDDS, dammarenediol synthase; PgAS, β-amyrin synthase; CYP, cytochrome P450; CPR, cytochrome P450 reductase; and UGT, UDP-glycosyltransferase.