Table 2 Taxa associated with Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) total T-scores at 3 years (q < 0.25).

Sequencing method	Microbiome age	Family	Genus	Species	Estimate (q) in basic model^a	Estimate (q) in full model^a	Average relative abundance (%)^b
16S rRNA	Six weeks	NA
	One year	Lachnospiraceae	Blautia	producta	0.34 (0.01)	0.29 (0.017)	0.1
	One year	Lachnospiraceae			0.01 (0.201)	–^c	0.01
	Two years	Lachnospiraceae	Coprococcus		0.07 (0.03)	0.06 (0.146)	0.05
		Lachnospiraceae	[Ruminococcus]	gnavus	0.17 (0.069)	–^c	0.2
		Bifidobacteriaceae	Bifidobacterium		0.06 (0.03)	0.05 (0.148)	0.03
		Alcaligenaceae	Sutterella		–^c	0.01 (0.211)	0.01
	Three years	Ruminococcaceae	Butyricicoccus	pullicaecorum	0.01 (0.072)	0.01 (0.066)	0.02
Metagenomics	Six weeks	Ruminococcaceae	Flavonifactor	plautii	0.002 (0.052)	–^c	0.11
	One year	Coriobacteriaceae	Adlercreutzia	equolifaciens	0.002 (0.004)	0.002 (0.001)	0.07
		Lachnospiraceae	[Ruminococcus]	torques	0.01 (0.01)	0.01 (0.042)	1.13
		Lachnospiraceae		bacterium_6_1_63FAA	0.001 (0.01)	0.001 (0.067)	0.04
		Erysipelotrichaceae	Eubacterium	dolichum	0.0003 (0.038)	–^c	0.02

^aMaAsLin models the microbiome as the outcome. Thus, estimate is increase in % relative abundance per point increase on SRS-2 total T-score.
^bMean relative abundance of specific amplicon sequence variant given microbiome age.
^cEmpty estimate cell indicates that the estimate was not significant (q < 0.25) in the given model.

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