Table 2 Parameter values and their literature sources.

\(\mu\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

Baseline mortality rate

\(\frac{1}{5\times 365}\)

⁴⁴

\(\alpha\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

Disease-related mortality rate

\(\frac{1}{14}\)

¹⁴

\(\rho\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

Immunity loss

\(\frac{1}{6\times 30}\)

³⁸

\(\delta _1 = \delta _2\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

Spore decay rate

\(\frac{1}{10\times 365}\)

¹⁴

\(\chi\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

Removal rate of freshly released spores

\(\frac{1}{10}\)

^{15, 32}

\(\sigma\)

[–]

Fraction of symptomatic infected

0.7

³⁸

\(\eta _0\)

[–]

Probability of exposure to thawing-released spores

(0–1)

–

\(\epsilon _{\eta }\)

[–]

Seasonality of \(\eta (t)\)

(0–1)

–

\(\beta _0\)

[days\(^{-1}\)]

(Average) exposure rate

–

–

\(\epsilon _{\beta }\)

[–]

Seasonality of \(\beta (t)\)

(0-1)

–

\(\theta\)

[spores carcass\(^{-1}\)]

Environmental spore released from infected carcasses

–

–