Table 2 Risk factors for B19V infection.

From: A cross-sectional study on risk factors for infection with Parvovirus B19 and the association with anaemia in a febrile paediatric population in Ghana

 

B19V infection (IgM + and/or PCR +)a

No B19V infection

Total

Univariate analysis

Odds ratio (95%-CI)

Pb

Multivariate analysisc

Odds ratio (95%-CI)

Pb

Number of cases

76 (6.4)

1,110 (93.6)

1,186

    

Sex

Female

29 (38.2)

512 (46.1)

541 (45.6)

1

   

Male

47 (61.8)

598 (53.9)

645 (54.4)

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

0.17

–

 

Age

Median in months (IQR)

37.5 (24–62.5)

29 (15–52)

29 (15–53)

    

 < 5 years

53 (69.7)

862 (77.7)

915 (77.1)

1

   

 ≥ 5 years

23 (30.3)

248 (22.3)

271 (22.9)

1.5 (0.9–2.5)

0.12

–

 

Siblingsd

None

9 (11.8)

251 (22.6)

260 (21.9)

1

0.05

  

1–2

33 (43.4)

460 (41.4)

493 (41.6)

2.0 (0.9–4.2)

  

3–12

33 (43.4)

384 (34.6)

417 (35.2)

2.4 (1.1–5.1)

–

 

Socioeconomic statusd,e

High

26 (34.2)

560 (50.4)

586 (49.4)

1

 

1

 

Low

50 (65.8)

534 (48.1)

584 (49.2)

2.0 (1.2–3.3)

 < 0.01

2.1 (1.3–3.4)

 < 0.01

Ethnicityd

Akan

37 (48.7)

630 (56.8)

667 (56.2)

1

   

Northeners

39 (51.3)

444 (40.0)

483 (40.7)

1.5 (0.9–2.4)

0.09

–

 

G6PD

No

75 (98.7)

1065 (95.9)

1140 (96.1)

1

   

Yes

1 (1.3)

45 (4.1)

46 (3.9)

0.3 (0.0–2.6)

0.17

–

 

Sickle cell disease

No

73 (96.1)

1074 (96.8)

1147 (96.7)

1

   

Yes

3 (3.9)

36 (3.2)

39 (3.3)

1.2 (0.4–4.1)

0.75

–

 
  1. aAll samples with concordant positive serological results in Biotrin- and Mikrogen-assays were considered positive for IgM, all samples reactive by a qualitative PCR assay were considered PCR-positive. Six cases had a positive IgM and PCR result.
  2. bComparison for dichotomous or nominal data was performed using a logistic regression model.
  3. cAfter stepwise backwards selection based on a likelihood ratio test between the models the socioeconomic status was the only remaining variable and risk factor.
  4. dMissing data not listed (number of missing data for siblings and socioeconomic score n = 16, ethnicity n = 5; in addition 31 children belonged to other ethnicities).
  5. eThe socioeconomic score was constructed using nine indicator variables (membership of national health insurance, subjective assessment of the financial situation of the family, cooking inside/outside the house, type of water supply, availability of electricity and window screens, ownership of mobile phone, television and fridge) that were included into a tetrachoric correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, a binary variable on socioeconomic status was created in further risk factor analysis by dividing the population into two groups.
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