Table 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for the three universal crowd quantities in relation with the experimental conditions. Statistical significance of each condition (for example level of competitiveness: low, medium and high; or obstacle position: 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm) has been computed taking all trials belonging to a specific class of experiments. Values given in bold are statistically significant on the 5% level of confidence and indicate therefore a correlation between experimental condition and presented quantity.

From: Systematic experimental investigation of the obstacle effect during non-competitive and extremely competitive evacuations

ANOVA result

Competitiveness (student dataset)

Presence of obstacle (soldier dataset)

Obstacle position (soldier dataset)

Low competitiveness

High competitiveness

Density

\(\mathbf{p } < \mathbf{0 }.\mathbf{001 }, \mathbf{F(2,31) } = \mathbf{28 }.\mathbf{54 }\)

p = 0.385, F(1,5) = 0.95

\(\mathbf{p } = \mathbf{0 }.\mathbf{030 }, \mathbf{F(1,12) } = \mathbf{6 }.\mathbf{24 }\)

p = 0.306, F(2,17) = 1.28

Congestion level

\(\mathbf{p } < \mathbf{0 }.\mathbf{035 }, \mathbf{F(2,31) } = \mathbf{57 }.\mathbf{27 }\)

p = 0.803, F(1,5) = 0.07

p = 0.328, F(1,12) = 1.05

p = 0.627, F(2,17) = 0.48

Crowd danger

\(\mathbf{p } < \mathbf{0 }.\mathbf{001 }, \mathbf{F(2,31) } = \mathbf{57 }.\mathbf{01 }\)

p = 0.451, F(1,5) = 0.70

\(\mathbf{p } = \mathbf{0 }.\mathbf{020 }, \mathbf{F(1,12) } = \mathbf{7 }.\mathbf{46 }\)

p = 0.311, F(2,17) = 1.26

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