Table 1 Subject characteristics in healthy and periodontitis/gingivitis groups.
H (n = 20) | PG (n = 70) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 28.8 ± 2.9 | 29.1 ± 4.4 | NS |
Primiparity (%) | 90.0 (18/20) | 77.1 (54/70) | NS |
Alcohol consumption history (%) | 5.0 (1/20) | 4.3 (3/70) | NS |
Smoking history (%) | 0 | 0 | NS |
Oral hygiene behavior | |||
Tooth brushing frequency/day | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | NS |
Duration of tooth brushing (min) | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 0.9* | 0.03 |
Dental floss or interproximal brush utilization (yes %) | 25.0 (5/20) | 20.0 (14/70) | NS |
Mouth rinse utilization (yes %) | 35.0 (7/20) | 32.9 (23/70) | NS |
Education and socio-economic characteristics | |||
Education ≥ 12 years (yes %) | 90.0 (18/20) | 78.6 (55/70) | NS |
Income ≥ local average salary (yes %) | 80.0 (16/20) | 62.9 (44/70) | NS |
Health insurance (yes %) | 60.0 (12/20) | 62.9 (44/70) | NS |
Periodontal clinical parameters | |||
Mean PPD (mm) | 1.8 (1.7 2.0) | 2.6 (2.3 2.9)* | < 0.0001 |
Mean CAL (mm) | 1.8 (1.7 2.1) | 2.6 (2.3 3.0)* | < 0.0001 |
PPD ≥ 3 mm % | 13.1 (9.8 20.1) | 52.1 (36.3 64.3)* | < 0.0001 |
PPD ≥ 4 mm % | 0.6 (0 2.23) | 11.9 (6.5 21.9)* | < 0.0001 |
PPD ≥ 5 mm % | 0 | 2.1 (0.6 5.7)* | < 0.0001 |
BOP % | 12.5 (7.5 19.4) | 53.6 (41.1 73.7)* | < 0.0001 |
Birth outcomes | |||
Birth weeks | 39.0 ± 1.5 | 39.0 ± 1.5 | NS |
Birth weight (g) | 3241.2 ± 456.6 | 3155.9 ± 457.6 | NS |
Caesarean section (%) | 65.0 (13/20) | 48.6 (34/70) | NS |
PB (%) | 5.0 (1/20) | 8.6 (6/70) | NS |
SGA (%) | 10.0 (2/20) | 18.6 (13/70) | NS |
Systemic inflammatory mediator | |||
hs-CRP (μg/mL) | 3.5 (1.1 9.9) | 5.0 (2.7 7.2) | NS |
