Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

From: Preoperative cardiac troponin below the 99th-percentile upper reference limit and 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery

 

Entire population

Propensity score matched population

LOD (N = 7958)

Mild elevation (N = 4457)

p-Value

SMD

LOD (N = 3869)

Mild elevation (N = 3869)

SMD

aPreoperative hs-cTn I, ng/L

6

16 (± 9)

  

6

16 (± 9)

 

Preoperative variables

Male

4432 (55.7)

2603 (58.4)

0.004

5.5

2217 (57.3)

2233 (57.7)

0.8

Age

58.0 (± 18.0)

63.9 (± 17.0)

 < 0.001

34.2

62.6 (± 16.0)

63.0 (± 17.4)

2.2

Hypertension

4417 (55.5)

3322 (74.5)

 < 0.001

40.7

2722 (70.4)

2741 (70.8)

1.1

Diabetes

1924 (24.2)

1528 (34.3)

 < 0.001

22.4

1196 (30.9)

1190 (30.8)

0.3

Coronary artery disease

802 (10.1)

811 (18.2)

 < 0.001

23.5

585 (15.1)

578 (14.9)

0.5

Chronic kidney disease

268 (3.4)

630 (14.1)

 < 0.001

38.8

264 (6.8)

264 (6.8)

 < 0.1

Previous stroke

485 (6.1)

397 (8.9)

 < 0.001

10.7

321 (8.3)

313 (8.1)

0.8

Arrhythmia

339 (4.3)

452 (10.1)

 < 0.001

22.9

287 (7.4)

303 (7.8)

1.6

Current smoking

663 (8.3)

310 (7.0)

0.01

5.2

271 (7.0)

284 (7.3)

1.3

Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dl

12.5 (± 2.0)

11.7 (± 2.2)

 < 0.001

37.8

11.9 (± 2.1)

11.9 (± 2.1)

0.5

Medication

 Antiplatelet agent

2232 (28.0)

1921 (43.1)

 < 0.001

31.8

1453 (37.6)

1474 (38.1)

1.1

 Statin

2165 (27.2)

1637 (36.7)

 < 0.001

20.5

1263 (32.6)

1277 (33.0)

0.8

 Beta-blocker

1689 (21.2)

1710 (38.4)

 < 0.001

38.2

1262 (32.6)

1266 (32.7)

0.2

Calcium channel blocker

2586 (32.5)

2180 (48.9)

 < 0.001

33.9

1725 (44.6)

1703 (44.0)

1.1

RAAS inhibitor

2236 (28.1)

2001 (44.9)

 < 0.001

35.4

1520 (39.3)

1520 (39.3)

 < 0.1

ESC/ESA surgical risk

  

 < 0.001

13

  

7.3

 Mild

2441 (30.7)

1154 (25.9)

  

1112 (28.7)

1042 (26.9)

 

 Intermediate

4554 (57.2)

2833 (63.6)

  

2265 (58.5)

2397 (62.0)

 

 High

963 (12.1)

470 (10.5)

  

492 (12.7)

430 (11.1)

 

Operation type

  

 < 0.001

24.9

  

10.4

 Vascular

982 (12.3)

672 (15.1)

  

489 (12.6)

507 (13.1)

 

 Orthopedics

2371 (29.8)

1378 (30.9)

  

1198(31.0)

1192 (30.8)

 

 Abdominal

984 (12.4)

706 (15.8)

  

590 (15.2)

596 (15.4)

 

 Thoracic

22 (0.3)

8 (0.2)

  

7 (0.2)

8 (0.2)

 

 Neuro

2437 (30.6)

911 (20.4)

  

1007 (26.0)

876 (22.6)

 

 Otolaryngology, eye

707 (8.9)

486 (10.9)

  

341 (8.8)

429 (11.1)

 

 Urology, gynecology

455 (5.7)

296 (6.6)

  

237 (6.1)

261 (6.7)

 

Emergency

1706 (21.4)

1194 (26.8)

 < 0.001

12.5

1004 (25.9)

1012 (26.2)

0.5

General anesthesia

6449 (81.0)

3183 (71.4)

 < 0.001

22.7

2902 (75.0)

2905 (75.1)

0.2

aIntraoperative variables

Operation duration, minute

161.0 (± 142.1)

139.9 (± 129.3)

 < 0.001

 

157.0 (± 143.6)

145.2 (± 132.6)

8.5

Inotropic drug requirement

2798 (35.2)

1751 (39.3)

 < 0.001

 

1487 (38.4)

1511 (39.1)

1.3

Red blood cell transfusion

2978 (37.2)

1506 (33.8)

 < 0.001

 

1374 (35.5)

1369 (35.4)

0.3

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or mean (± standard deviation).
  2. LOD limit of detection; hs-cTn high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ESC European Society of Cardiology; ESA European Society of Anaesthesiology.
  3. aPreoperative hs-cTn level and intraoperative variables were not included in propensity score matching.
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