Table 1 Parameters of formula (1) representing track-structure simulations on DNA strand breakage (SB) and induction of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) by H to Ne ions.

Damage class	Ion	Total yields					Direct effects					Indirect effects
Damage class	Ion	p₁	p₂	p₃	p₄	p₅	p₁	p₂	p₃	p₄	p₅	p₁	p₂	p₃	p₄	p₅
SB	H	170	1.335	0.7023	8.541	6.902	64	N.A.	N.A.	3.532	12.51	106	1.076	0.8189	5.679	9.223
	He	170	0.4632	0.8913	11.81	7.542	64	N.A.	N.A.	4.015	20.46	106	1.815	0.6758	5.652	13.93
	Li	170	0.405	0.8499	12.25	8.795	64	0.004687	3.354	3.525	15.07	106	1.784	0.6373	6.574	13.43
	Be	170	0.6563	0.7454	10.84	7.203	64	0.005799	2.023	4.085	16.17	106	3.298	0.5625	5.735	13.88
	B	170	0.7101	0.7173	10.36	9.02	64	0.006684	1.662	3.704	15.59	106	4.198	0.5332	4.87	13.1
	C	170	0.9285	0.6785	10.02	9.499	64	0.006881	1.621	3.802	16.69	106	6.272	0.5007	4.717	15.26
	N	170	0.9985	0.6579	9.627	11.12	64	0.006951	1.485	3.747	18.77	106	7.44	0.4832	4.843	17.03
	O	170	1.754	0.5993	9.64	8.154	64	0.01046	1.168	3.224	19.08	106	14.64	0.4437	3.151	15.89
	Ne	170	2.388	0.5616	8.841	9.224	64	0.009527	1.127	3.748	18.59	106	20.28	0.4207	3.219	28.1
SSB	H	156	0.9613	0.9173	10.21	7.124	60	39.79	0.2471	4.189	35.17	102	2.438	0.7084	4.389	7.916
	He	156	1.681	0.7616	9.093	8.052	60	1.765	0.5268	1.127	1.642	102	3.242	0.6263	4.999	12.97
	Li	156	1.856	0.7023	9.737	8.993	60	0.3056	0.7	4.357	8.53	102	3.067	0.5961	6.479	13.54
	Be	156	3.771	0.6105	7.937	7.851	60	0.2586	0.6959	5.034	11.37	102	6.137	0.5251	5.421	14.58
	B	156	5.414	0.5695	6.837	8.997	60	0.298	0.6564	4.575	12.74	102	9.016	0.4909	4.265	14.22
	C	156	9.511	0.5256	5.818	8.409	60	0.3865	0.6131	4.429	16.03	102	14.25	0.4602	4.069	16.06
	N	156	12.73	0.5006	5.67	8.453	60	0.3666	0.605	4.612	19.38	102	19	0.4397	4.008	17.7
	O	156	21.17	0.4693	4.926	6.674	60	0.651	0.5414	3.499	20.59	102	40.6	0.4036	2.215	15.94
	Ne	156	52.47	0.4215	N.A.	N.A.	60	0.8246	0.5072	3.615	24.24	102	65.9	0.3788	2.26	30.59

Parameter p₁ (low-LET yields) was adjusted universally at the same value for all ions, the other 4 parameters (p₂, …, p₅) were fitted for each ion species separately. In addition to total damage yields, parameters describing direct and indirect effects are provided separately. N.A., not applicable: corresponding term not indicated by the simulation results and hence not included in the given case.

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