Table 1 Characterization of Southern Community Cohort Study African American cancer cases and controls included in the coffee consumption analysis.
From: Coffee consumption and cancer risk in African Americans from the Southern Community Cohort Study
Controls (n = 3,337) | Lung and bronchus cancer cases (n = 524) | p-value1 | Prostate cancer cases (n = 503)2 | p-value | Breast cancer cases (n = 458)3 | p-value | Colorectal cancer cases (n = 316) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age [mean (sd)] | 55.6 (8.9) | 55.3 (8.6) | 0.454 | 57.9 (7.9) | 9.6 × 10–7 | 54.1 (8.8) | 0.015 | 55.4 (8.7) | 0.689 |
Sex [n (%)] | 1.7 × 10–5 | – | – | 0.007 | |||||
Male | 1633 (48.9) | 310 (59.2) | 503 (1) | 0 (0) | 129 (40.8) | ||||
Female | 1704 (51.1) | 214 (40.8) | 0 (0) | 458 (1) | 187 (59.2) | ||||
Education [n (%)] | 2.0 × 10–5 | 0.011 | 0.083 | 0.755 | |||||
< 12 years | 1240 (37.2) | 244 (46.6) | 180 (35.8) | 132 (28.8) | 111 (35.1) | ||||
Graduated high school | 1005 (30.1) | 155 (29.6) | 145 (28.8) | 143 (31.2) | 104 (32.9) | ||||
Some college | 754 (22.6) | 97 (18.5) | 103 (20.5) | 124 (27.1) | 68 (21.5) | ||||
Graduated college or higher | 335 (10.0) | 28 (5.3) | 75 (14.9) | 59 (12.9) | 32 (10.1) | ||||
Unknown4 | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | ||||
Income, US dollar [n (%)] | 7.8 × 10–6 | 1.2 × 10–4 | 0.578 | 0.810 | |||||
< 15,000 | 1993 (59.7) | 366 (69.8) | 252 (50.1) | 265 (57.9) | 191 (60.4) | ||||
15,000—24,999 | 691 (20.7) | 104 (19.8) | 113 (22.5) | 104 (22.7) | 60 (19.0) | ||||
24,999—49,999 | 427 (12.8) | 41 (7.8) | 81 (16.1) | 57 (12.4) | 45 (14.2) | ||||
≥ 50,000 | 178 (5.3) | 11 (2.1) | 52 (10.3) | 26 (5.7) | 16 (5.1) | ||||
Unknown | 48 (1.4) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1.0) | 6 (1.3) | 4 (1.3) | ||||
BMI [mean (sd)] | 30.2 (7.3) | 26.4 (6.1) | < 2.2 × 10–16 | 28.3 (5.8) | 0.261 | 33.2 (7.8) | 0.040 | 30.3 (6.9) | 0.911 |
Total energy intake, kcal/day [mean (sd)] | 2624.9 (1502.3) | 2978.9 (1665.9) | 3.70 × 10–06 | 2842.6 (1432.7) | 0.230 | 2267.9 (1277.3) | 0.876 | 2584.1 (1538.2) | 0.366 |
Total activity MET-hours [mean (sd)] | 21.5 (19.1) | 21.1 (19.0) | 0.668 | 20.6 (19.1) | 0.014 | 20.4 (16.3) | 0.621 | 20.3 (17.0) | 0.223 |
Smoking [n (%)] | < 2.2 × 10–16 | 0.004 | 0.987 | 0.035 | |||||
Never | 1207 (36.2) | 30 (5.7) | 136 (27.0) | 228 (49.8) | 123 (38.9) | ||||
Former | 795 (23.8) | 96 (18.3) | 153 (30.4) | 97 (21.2) | 89 (28.2) | ||||
Current | 1317 (39.5) | 396 (75.6) | 211 (41.9) | 131 (28.6) | 102 (32.3) | ||||
Unknown | 18 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.6) | ||||
HRT [n (%)]5,6 | 0.377 | – | 0.359 | 0.940 | |||||
Never (premenopause) | 416 (24.4) | 43 (20.1) | – | 120 (26.2) | 47 (25.1) | ||||
Ever (premenopause) | 22 (1.3) | 1 (0.5) | – | 10 (2.2) | 3 (1.6) | ||||
Never (postmenopause) | 838 (49.2) | 113 (52.8) | – | 210 (45.9) | 88 (47.1) | ||||
Ever (postmenopause) | 420 (24.6) | 55 (25.7) | – | 116 (25.3) | 48 (25.7) | ||||
Unknown | 8 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | – | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | ||||
Vegetable consumption, times/day [n (%)] | 0.260 | 0.176 | 0.848 | 1 | |||||
< 5 | 3252 (97.5) | 514 (98.1) | 498 (99.0) | 442 (96.5) | 308 (97.5) | ||||
≥ 5 | 58 (1.7) | 5 (1.0) | 4 (0.8) | 9 (2.0) | 6 (1.9) | ||||
Unknown | 27 (0.8) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | 7 (1.5) | 1 (0.6) | ||||
Current high cholesterol medication use [n (%)]7 | 0.685 | 0.477 | 0.543 | 0.962 | |||||
No | 455 (13.6) | 61 (11.6) | 64 (12.7) | 81 (17.7) | 42 (13.3) | ||||
Yes | 661 (19.8) | 81 (15.4) | 110 (21.9) | 103 (22.5) | 59 (18.7) | ||||
Unknown | 2 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
Daily low-dose aspirin use, years [n (%)] | 0.162 | 0.074 | 0.640 | 1 | |||||
< 2 | 2833 (84.9) | 460 (87.8) | 413 (82.1) | 382 (83.4) | 271 (85.8) | ||||
≥ 2 | 430 (12.9) | 56 (10.7) | 78 (15.5) | 66 (14.4) | 41 (13.0) | ||||
Unknown | 74 (2.2) | 8 (1.5) | 12 (2.4) | 10 (2.2) | 4 (1.3) | ||||
NSAID use, years [n (%)]8 | 0.345 | 0.540 | 1 | 0.503 | |||||
< 1 | 2549 (76.4) | 408 (77.9) | 400 (79.5) | 340 (74.2) | 238 (75.3) | ||||
≥ 1 | 725 (21.7) | 103 (19.7) | 90 (17.9) | 110 (24.0) | 75 (23.7) | ||||
Unknown | 63 (1.9) | 13 (2.5) | 13 (2.6) | 8 (1.7) | 3 (0.9) | ||||
Alcohol consumption, times/day [n (%)]9 | 2.35 × 10–11 | 0.061 | 0.859 | 0.015 | |||||
< 1 | 2556 (76.6) | 338 (64.5) | 355 (70.6) | 400 (87.3) | 260 (82.3) | ||||
≥ 1 and < 2 | 195 (5.8) | 29 (5.5) | 36 (7.2) | 16 (3.5) | 20 (6.3) | ||||
≥ 2 | 532 (15.9) | 149 (28.4) | 104 (20.7) | 34 (7.4) | 31 (9.8) | ||||
Unknown | 54 (1.6) | 8 (1.5) | 8 (1.6) | 8 (1.7) | 5 (1.6) | ||||
Sweet beverage consumption, times/day [n (%)]10 | 0.046 | 0.021 | 0.632 | 0.158 | |||||
< 1 | 997 (29.9) | 132 (25.2) | 168 (33.4) | 150 (32.8) | 79 (25.0) | ||||
≥ 1 and < 2 | 832 (24.9) | 125 (23.9) | 133 (26.4) | 120 (26.2) | 81 (25.6) | ||||
≥ 2 | 1476 (44.2) | 258 (49.2) | 201 (40.0) | 180 (39.3) | 154 (48.7) | ||||
Unknown | 32 (1.0) | 9 (1.7) | 1 (0.2) | 8 (1.7) | 2 (0.6) | ||||
Daily tea intake, times/day [n (%)] | 0.074 | 0.384 | 0.529 | 0.142 | |||||
< 1 | 2960 (88.7) | 448 (85.5) | 451 (89.7) | 400 (87.3) | 276 (87.3) | ||||
≥ 1 and < 2 | 228 (6.8) | 50 (9.5) | 35 (7.0) | 38 (8.3) | 30 (9.5) | ||||
≥ 2 | 108 (3.2) | 18 (3.4) | 12 (2.4) | 11 (2.4) | 7 (2.2) | ||||
Unknown | 41 (1.2) | 8 (1.5) | 5 (1.0) | 9 (2.0) | 3 (0.9) | ||||
Daily regular coffee intake, times/day [n (%)] | 1.4 × 10–4 | 0.891 | 0.052 | 0.998 | |||||
< 1 | 2456 (73.6) | 337 (64.3) | 360 (71.6) | 346 (75.5) | 231 (73.1) | ||||
≥ 1 and < 2 | 614 (18.4) | 127 (24.2) | 104 (20.7) | 82 (17.9) | 59 (18.7) | ||||
≥ 2 | 232 (7.0) | 50 (9.5) | 32 (6.4) | 18 (3.9) | 22 (7.0) | ||||
Unknown | 35 (1.0) | 10 (1.9) | 7 (1.4) | 12 (2.6) | 4 (1.3) | ||||
Daily decaffeinated coffee intake, times/day [n (%)] | 0.033 | 0.330 | 0.994 | 0.881 | |||||
< 1 | 2982 (89.4) | 445 (84.9) | 457 (90.9) | 403 (88.0) | 285 (90.2) | ||||
≥ 1 and < 2 | 238 (7.1) | 52 (9.9) | 28 (5.6) | 32 (7.0) | 23 (7.3) | ||||
≥ 2 | 71 (2.1) | 15 (2.9) | 12 (2.4) | 11 (2.4) | 5 (1.6) | ||||
Unknown | 46 (1.4) | 12 (2.3) | 6 (1.2) | 12 (2.6) | 3 (0.9) |
