Table 1 CHN elemental analysis, pHsolution, pore size and surface area characterization, bulk density, and particle density for the olive stones.
Adsorbent | CHN elemental analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
C% | H% | N% | |
Green olive stones | 47.56 | 6.19 | 0.39 |
Black olive stones | 48.12 | 6.37 | 0.55 |
pHsolution (Experimental conditions: mass of adsorbent: 0.03 g, solution volume: 30 mL distilled water, temperature: 25 °C, and contact time: 24 h) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Before adsorption | After adsorption | ∆pH | |
Green olive stones | 5.82 | 5.62 | 0.19 |
Black olive stones | 6.31 | 6.34 | − 0.03 |
Bulk density (g/cm3) (Experimental conditions: mass of adsorbent: 2 g, particle size: 0.5–0.250 mm, volume: 10 mL, and temperature: 25 °C) | Particle density (g/cm3) (Experimental conditions: mass of adsorbent: 2 g, particle size: 0.50–0.250 mm, volume: 4 mL, and temperature: 25 °C) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Green olive stones | 2 | 3 | |
Black olive stones | 2.2 | 3.2 | |
Pore size and surface area characterization | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Volume of the macropores (cm3/g) | Volume of the mesopores (cm3/g) | Specific surface area (SBET) (m2/g) | |
Green olive stones | 0.189 ± 0.009 | 0.0430 ± 0.0008 | 1.21 ± 0.04 |
Black olive stones | 0.171 ± 0.009 | 0.0355 ± 0.0011 | 1.03 ± 0.06 |