Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of Chinese adolescents in Macau and mainland China.

From: Internet addiction among adolescents in Macau and mainland China: prevalence, demographics and quality of life

	Total sample (n = 2892)		Mainland China (n = 2010)		Macau (n = 882)		Statistics
	N	%	N	%	N	%	Χ²	df^a	p
Male	1527	53.8	1089	55.1	438	50.9	4.4	1	0.04
Religious beliefs	361	13.3	253	13.4	108	13.1	0.04	1	0.84
Only child	1072	40.3	900	48.4	172	21.5	168.1	1	< 0.001
Senior secondary school	1425	49.5	1074	53.7	351	39.9	46.6	1	< 0.001
Living with family	2303	80.1	1430	71.6	873	99.5	298.7	1	< 0.001
Self-perceived physical health							71.0	2	< 0.001
Good	1162	40.3	909	45.4	253	28.8
Fair	1552	53.9	992	49.6	560	63.7
Poor	167	5.8	101	5.0	66	7.5
Self-perceived weight							15.7	2	< 0.001
Underweight	379	13.2	259	13.0	120	13.8
Normal	1611	56.2	1084	54.2	527	60.7
Overweight	878	30.6	657	32.9	221	25.5
Academic performance							16.4	3	0.001
Excellent	574	20.3	422	21.5	152	17.6
Good	878	31.0	632	32.2	246	28.4
Fair	778	27.5	525	26.7	253	29.2
Poor	600	21.2	385	19.6	215	24.8
Academic stress							7.4	2	0.02
Little	299	10.4	226	11.2	73	8.3
Fair	1874	64.9	1305	65.0	569	64.8
Great	714	24.7	478	23.8	236	26.9
Relationships with classmates							29.4	2	< 0.001
Good	1422	49.3	1053	52.5	369	42.1
Fair	1358	47.1	894	44.5	464	52.9
Poor	104	3.6	60	3.0	44	5.0
Relationships with teachers							21.6	2	< 0.001
Good	980	34.1	735	36.7	245	28.0
Fair	1789	62.2	1190	59.4	599	68.4
Poor	109	3.8	77	3.8	32	3.7
Relationships with family							63.4	2	< 0.001
Good	1956	68.0	1452	72.6	504	57.5
Fair	851	29.6	506	25.3	345	39.4
Poor	70	2.4	43	2.1	27	3.1
Perception of family income							9.2	2	0.01
Affluent	346	12.0	255	12.8	91	10.4
Enough	2391	83.1	1634	81.7	757	86.1
Poor	141	4.9	110	5.5	31	3.5
Parental educational level							22.5	2	< 0.001
High	768	26.6	585	29.1	183	20.7
Medium	1959	67.7	1310	65.2	649	73.6
Low	165	5.7	115	5.7	50	5.7
Parental work status							24.3	1	< 0.001
Unemployed	656	23.2	510	25.7	146	17.2
Employed	2175	76.8	1472	74.3	703	82.8
Parental marital status							3.3	1	0.07
Married	2485	86.5	1747	87.3	738	84.7
Others	388	13.5	255	12.7	133	15.3
IA	684	23.7	397	19.8	287	32.5	55.5	1	< 0.001

	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Z	df^b	P
Age	15.1	1.7	15.1	1.7	15.1	1.6	–0.02	-	0.98
CESD total score	16.1	9.8	15.5	9.9	17.6	9.4	–6.4	-	< 0.001
IA score	40.2	14.4	38.3	14.4	44.3	13.5	–11.7	-	< 0.001

Bolded values are p < 0.05; academic performance: excellent = 85–100, good = 75–85, fair = 65–75, poor = < 65; Parental educational level: high = completion of at least undergraduate studies, medium = completion of secondary school studies, low = completion of primary school studies or not having completed any school study; Parental work status: unemployed = at least one parent is not employed, employed = both parents are employed; Parental marital status: married = complete original family with biological parents, others = remarriage, divorce, separation, or one or both parents passed away.
CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; IA: Internet addiction.
^aChi-square test.
^bMann–Whitney U test.

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Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of Chinese adolescents in Macau and mainland China.

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