Table 3 Routinely utilized procedural tube angles.

From: Taller staff occupationally exposed to less radiation to the temple in cardiac procedures, but risk higher doses during vascular cases

Procedure

LAO ↑ (35°/25°)

LAO ↓ (40°/35°)

RAO ↓ (20°/20°)

RAO ↑ (30°/30°)

AP ↑ (10°/35°)

AP (0°/0°)

RAO (30°)

LAO (30°)

LAO ↑ (25°/10°)

RAO (20°)

LAO

(20°)

LAO (40°)

Cardiac

Coronary angiogram

LCA

√

√

√

√

√

       

RCA

      

√

√

√

   

LV

      

√

     

TAVI workup

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

  

√

TAVI

     

√a

   

√

√

 

PPM

     

√

 

√

 

√

  

EP

     

√

 

√

 

√

  

Vascular

EVAR

     

√

   

√ (10° ↓)

√ (10° ↓)

 

Abdominal aorta

     

√

      

leg

     

√

      

subclavian

     

√

      

fistulograms

     

√

      
  1. LCA left coronary artery, RCA right coronary artery, LV left ventriculogram, TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation, PPM permanent pacemaker, EP electrophysiology, EVAR endovascular aneurysm repair, LAO left anterior oblique, RAO right anterior oblique, AP anterior–posterior, ↑ cranial angulation, ↓ caudal angulation.
  2. aIndividually customized implantation angle.
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