Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Climatic oscillations in Quaternary have shaped the co-evolutionary patterns between the Norway spruce and its host-associated herbivore

Figure 2

Genetic ancestry estimated for Monochamus sartor Fabr. samples using the software STRUCTURE: (a) sampling locations across the geographic range of host tree, Norway and Siberian spruce, Picea abies and P. obovata (in green), and pie charts represent genetic ancestry of each beetle populations (“ + ” are populations not included in genetic analysis but present in morphometric analysis); (b) individual membership probabilities of assignment to one of the two inferred clusters (Alpine–Carpathian or Eastern), with bars indicating 95% confidence intervals; (c) ΔK plot showing highest value at two (K = 2) as the most likely number of clusters; (d) distribution of assignment probabilities for the three assumed populations. Additionally, specimens from the Bialowieża Forest—potential place of the secondary contact of two M. sartor ranges was marked with a brace. The term ‘NE European’ is an abbreviation of the northeastern European population. The map was created using the R ver. 3.6.1 software (https://www.r-project.org/).

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