Table 1 Population genetic parameters estimated for the study populations (averaged across loci).

From: Climatic oscillations in Quaternary have shaped the co-evolutionary patterns between the Norway spruce and its host-associated herbivore

Population

N

A

Ae

AR

Ho

At

Alpine–Carpathian

91

3.83 (1.66)

2.15 (0.81)

3.39 (1.22)

0.25 (0.12)

29.24 (23.97–63.10)

Northeastern European

48

5.33 (1.20)

2.55 (0.45)

5.08 (0.84)

0.28 (0.09)

36.49 (32.81–56.82)

Asian

22

4.50 (1.15)

2.42 (0.62)

4.83 (1.11)

0.29 (0.12)

30.11 (27.50–46.24)

  1. N—number of studied individuals, A—number of alleles, Ae—effective number of alleles, AR—allelic richness (based on 44 genes), At—total number of alleles at six loci extrapolated with the Chao estimator, Ho—observed heterozygosity. Numbers in brackets indicate standard errors or (in the last column) 95% confidence intervals.
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