Figure 5

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in serum metabolites involved in energy metabolism in young male and female offspring: the effect of acute ozone exposure. Boxplots showing ozone-induced changes in serum glucose (A), pyruvate (B), citrate (C), isocitrate (D), and ethylmalonate (E). *Significant effect of ozone exposure (p < 0.1 or p < 0.05) when compared to matching air group. †Significant effect of maternal HFD (p < 0.1 or p < 0.05) when compared to matching maternal control diet (CD) group. Schema of branched-chain amino acid metabolism and their use in energy production through TCA cycle (F).