Figure 2
From: Fokker–Planck dynamics of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Time evolution of probability density functions. (a) Time evolution of PDF with its mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis obtained from the FPE of linear ROM. Black line and shading of \(T\) indicate mean (unit: K) and probability density function (unit: 1), respectively. Red and Blue lines indicate results from warm and cold initial conditions, respectively. (b) As in (a), except for nonlinear ROM. Units for standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis are normalized non-dimensional units.