Table 1 Baseline characteristics of WHS participants by quintiles of plasma total branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs).
From: Circulating branched-chain amino acids and long-term risk of obesity-related cancers in women
Total plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) quintiles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
Participants, N | 5342 | 5342 | 5342 | 5342 | 5343 |
Values are means (standard deviations) or %, unless otherwise specified | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 54.3 (7.1) | 54.7 (7.2) | 54.8 (7.0) | 54.8 (7.0) | 54.5 (6.8) |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 24.1 (3.8) | 24.9 (4.1) | 25.7 (4.6) | 26.8 (5.0) | 28.4 (5.7) |
Normal weight (18.5–25.0) | 69.2 | 61.6 | 53.1 | 43.0 | 30.8 |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 23.0 | 28.1 | 32.1 | 35.3 | 36.2 |
Obese (≥ 30.0) | 7.8 | 10.3 | 14.8 | 21.8 | 33.0 |
Postmenopausal | 51.0 | 54.2 | 55.9 | 55.8 | 52.7 |
Current postmenopausal hormone use | 42.7 | 43.8 | 44.4 | 42.7 | 39.7 |
Caucasian race/ethnicity | 95.3 | 95.4 | 95.0 | 94.1 | 93.0 |
Smoking status | |||||
Never | 48.8 | 52.0 | 52.1 | 53.2 | 52.7 |
Past | 38.5 | 37.1 | 37.0 | 34.7 | 35.8 |
Current, < 15 cig/day | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
Current, ≥ 15 cig/day | 8.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.9 |
Alcohol | |||||
Rarely/never | 38.6 | 40.4 | 42.8 | 45.5 | 52.0 |
1–3 drinks/month | 12.5 | 14.4 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.4 |
1–6 drinks/week | 35.4 | 33.3 | 33.7 | 32.3 | 27.6 |
≥ 1 drink/day | 13.5 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 7.0 |
AHEI diet quality score (range 10–100) | 49.0 (9.7) | 48.7 (9.5) | 48.5 (9.4) | 48.1 (9.3) | 47.6 (9.4) |
Total physical activity, MET-hrs/wk | 16.6 (20.2) | 15.7 (18.5) | 14.9 (17.8) | 12.5 (16.6) | 12.5 (16.6) |
History of type 2 diabetes | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 7.9 |
History of high cholesterol | 23.5 | 27.1 | 29.6 | 32.1 | 34.0 |
History of hypertension | 18.3 | 21.3 | 22.8 | 27.7 | 34.2 |
Randomized treatment assignment | |||||
Aspirin | 49.7 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 49.4 | 51.2 |
Beta carotene | 49.7 | 50.5 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 49.4 |
Vitamin E | 49.9 | 49.6 | 49.9 | 51.1 | 49.7 |
Plasma metabolite levels, umol/L | Median (interquartile range) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total BCAA | 309 (284, 325) | 361 (350, 372) | 401 (392, 412) | 447 (434, 461) | 528 (499, 577) |
Isoleucine | 35 (27, 43) | 43 (36, 51) | 50 (42, 58) | 58 (49, 67) | 76 (64, 90) |
Leucine | 96 (83, 108) | 118 (107, 128) | 132 (121, 143) | 147 (136, 159) | 177 (161, 195) |
Valine | 173 (159, 185) | 200 (189, 211) | 220 (209, 231) | 242 (230, 255) | 284 (265, 308) |
