Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models (95% CIs) for quintiles of baseline plasma BCAAs and incidence of obesity-related cancers in the WHS.

From: Circulating branched-chain amino acids and long-term risk of obesity-related cancers in women

 

Continuous (per SD)

Quintiles of Plasma BCAA Metabolites

p-trend

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

HR (95% CI)

[reference]

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Total BCAAs

N cases

2751

545

515

509

609

573

 

Model 1

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

1.00

0.93 (0.82, 1.05)

0.91 (0.81, 1.03)

1.10 (0.98, 1.24)

1.07 (0.96, 1.21)

0.029

Model 2

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

1.00

0.93 (0.82, 1.05)

0.91 (0.80, 1.02)

1.10 (0.98, 1.23)

1.08 (0.96, 1.22)

0.030

Model 3

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

1.00

0.92 (0.81, 1.03)

0.88 (0.78, 0.99)

1.04 (0.93, 1.18)

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

0.47

Isoleucine

N cases

2751

572

517

516

575

571

 

Model 1

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

1.00

0.90 (0.80, 1.01)

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

1.01 (0.90, 1.13)

1.04 (0.92, 1.16)

0.28

Model 2

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

1.00

0.89 (0.79, 1.01)

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

1.01 (0.90, 1.13)

1.04 (0.92, 1.17)

0.31

Model 3

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

1.00

0.89 (0.79, 1.00)

0.88 (0.78, 0.99)

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.89

Leucine

N cases

2751

528

503

547

581

592

 

Model 1

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

1.00

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

1.03 (0.91, 1.16)

1.11 (0.98, 1.24)

1.15 (1.02, 1.30)

0.0024

Model 2

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

1.00

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

1.02 (0.90, 1.15)

1.10 (0.98, 1.24)

1.15 (1.02, 1.30)

0.003

Model 3

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

1.00

0.94 (0.83, 1.06)

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

1.07 (0.95, 1.20)

1.10 (0.97, 1.24)

0.043

Valine

N cases

2751

539

524

559

542

587

 

Model 1

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

1.00

0.96 (0.85, 1.08)

1.01 (0.90, 1.14)

0.99 (0.88, 1.11)

1.10 (0.98, 1.24)

0.10

Model 2

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

1.00

0.96 (0.85, 1.08)

1.01 (0.90, 1.14)

0.99 (0.88, 1.11)

1.10 (0.98, 1.24)

0.096

Model 3

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

1.00

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

0.98 (0.87, 1.10)

0.93 (0.83, 1.06)

1.01 (0.89, 1.14)

0.95

  1. Model 1 is adjusted for age and randomized treatment assignment (aspirin, vitamin E, beta carotene); Model 2 additionally adjusts for risk factors at baseline blood draw including fasting status (≥ 8 h since last eating), postmenopausal status (yes, no), hormone therapy use (never, past, current, missing), Caucasian race/ethnicity (yes, no), smoking status (never, former, current), AHEI diet quality score (continuous), alcohol intake (never/rarely to 1–3 drinks/month, 1–6 drinks/week, ≥ 1 drinks/day), total physical activity (MET-hours/week; continuous), history of high cholesterol, and history of high blood pressure; Model 3 additionally adjusts for BMI (kg/m2; continuous).
  2. SD standard deviation.
  3. BCAAs SD = 1.0; isoleucine SD = 1.0; leucine SD = 1.0; valine SD = 1.0.
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