Table 3 Motor and non motor evaluations in Parkinson’s disease according to the presence of impulse control disorders.

From: Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson’s disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours: results from the COPPADIS cohort

  

ICDs negative

ICDs positive

p value

Number of subjects

 

535

78

–

Family history PD

N

145 (27.1)

25 (32.05)

0.43

Age at onset

Age (mean ± SD)

58.42 ± 9.43

54.28 ± 9.88

< 0.001

Disease progression time

Years (mean ± SD)

5.42 ± 4.51

6.25 ± 3.87

0.008

UPDRS score (mean ± SD)

II OFF

2.66 ± 1.79

3.34 ± 2.27

0.009*

II ON

1.69 ± 1.80

1.79 ± 1.99

0.72*

III OFF

22.4 ± 10.97

24.52 ± 12.75

0.22*

III ON

16.18 ± 8.27

15.86 ± 7.74

0.98*

IV

1.91 ± 2.37

2.48 ± 2.42

0.19*

Phenotype (undetermined/PIGD/Tremor)

N

80/205/248

17/33/28

0.13

Dominant hemibody

N

30/1/149/89/166/100

2/0/24/14/24/14

0.82

Motor fluctuations

N (%)

169 (31.56)

29 (37.18)

0.75*

Dyskinesias

N (%)

92 (17.19)

14 (17.95)

0.68*

NMSS

Score (mean ± SD)

41.33 ± 33.77

60.37 ± 42.48

< 0.001*

PDSS

Score (mean ± SD)

116.83 ± 25.63

102.58 ± 25.84

 < 0.001*

REM sleep behaviour disorder

N (%)

198 (37)

35 (44.87)

0.19

BECK (depression yes)

N (%)

262 (48.97)

51 (65.38)

0.004*

BECK score

(mean ± SD)

8.24 ± 7.02

12.46 ± 8.51

< 0.001*

BECK-depression inventory

Score (mean ± SD)

8.25 ± 7.02

12.47 ± 8.51

 < 0.001*

Subclinic/minor/major

79/89/94

19/16/16

0.38

No depression vs subclinic

273/79

27/19

0.007*

No depression vs minor

273/89

27/16

0.02*

No depression versus major

273/94

27/16

0.11*

FOG

Score (mean ± SD)

3.38 ± 4.23

5.73 ± 5.73

< 0.001*

MMSE

Score (mean ± SD)

29.21 ± 1

29.15 ± 1.1

0.22*

PD-CRS

Score (mean ± SD)

91.64 ± 15.67

92.56 ± 17.44

0.36*

Non CI/MCI/dementia

374/151/3

55/22/1

0.76*

Fronto-subcortical

63.74 ± 14.39

64.93 ± 15.88

0.49*

Posterior cortical

27.89 ± 2.99

27.63 ± 2.89

0.16*

NPI (severity × frequency)

Score (mean ± SD)

5.48 ± 7.32

8.6 ± 10.28

0.005*

PDQ-39

Score (mean ± SD)

15.64 ± 12.36

23.38 ± 14.93

< 0.001*

WHOQOL-8

Score (mean ± SD)

7.33 ± 1.58

6.97 ± 1.61

0.11

  1. Results for univariate test:chi-square test, t test or Wilconxon test.
  2. Significant p values are in bold.
  3. ICDs impulse control disorders, FOG Freezing of Gait Scale, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, N number of subjects, NMSS Non Motor Symptoms Scale, NPI Neuropsychiatry Inventory, PD Parkinson’s disease, PD-CRS Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale, PDQ-39 39 items Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, PDSS Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale, REM rapid eye movements, SD standart deviation, WHOQOL-8 8 items World Health Organization Quality of Life.
  4. *Results for multivariate analysis: multivariate linear regression or multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, age at onset and years of disease evolution.
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