Figure 1

(Reproduced from—Krishna Kumar Saxena, Jun Qian, Dominiek Reynaerts, “A tool-based hybrid laser-electrochemical micromachining technology: experimental investigations and synergistic effects”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 155, 2020.)
Process schematic of a tool-based hybrid laser-electrochemical micromachining process (top). A snapshot of the actual setup during machining (bottom). The process comprises of two process energies along same machining axis i.e. electrochemical machining process and a laser source13.