Table 1 Concentrations (mean ± std, in nmol per gram of wet tissue) of metabolites in tissues of Sander lucioperca.
From: Most abundant metabolites in tissues of freshwater fish pike-perch (Sander lucioperca)
AH | VH | Lens | Gill | Kidney | Milt | Heart | Spleen | Brain | Liver | Muscle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proteinogenic amino acids | |||||||||||
Alanine | 61 ± 7 | 74 ± 34 | 2000 ± 170 | 1300 ± 300 | 2000 ± 500 | 1300 ± 600 | 1000 ± 300 | 600 ± 210 | 770 ± 210 | 2100 ± 1100 | 2700 ± 1400 |
Aspartate | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 11 ± 2 | 530 ± 30 | 200 ± 50 | 270 ± 130 | 370 ± 160 | 110 ± 40 | 260 ± 80 | 260 ± 80 | 97 ± 68 | 49 ± 19 |
Glutamate | 27 ± 9 | 110 ± 60 | 3000 ± 300 | 2400 ± 300 | 5600 ± 400 | 2100 ± 600 | 2300 ± 500 | 2600 ± 800 | 6400 ± 500 | 6800 ± 3200 | 560 ± 110 |
Glutamine | 120 ± 20 | 170 ± 40 | 550 ± 130 | 220 ± 40 | 53 ± 8 | 190 ± 50 | 110 ± 30 | 74 ± 31 | 1800 ± 100 | 300 ± 240 | 120 ± 50 |
Glycine | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 20 ± 7 | 84 ± 23 | 800 ± 170 | 610 ± 180 | 660 ± 120 | 370 ± 50 | 770 ± 180 | 760 ± 190 | 900 ± 240 | 11,000 ± 1000 |
Histidine | 190 ± 230 | 91 ± 47 | 460 ± 30 | 79 ± 16 | 100 ± 40 | 43 ± 9 | 420 ± 170 | 52 ± 22 | 290 ± 130 | 190 ± 70 | 3200 ± 1000 |
Isoleucine | 65 ± 10 | 51 ± 15 | 410 ± 60 | 76 ± 15 | 120 ± 20 | 100 ± 4 | 80 ± 15 | 110 ± 30 | 62 ± 16 | 97 ± 19 | 110 ± 50 |
Leucine | 190 ± 30 | 150 ± 30 | 1300 ± 200 | 170 ± 30 | 210 ± 70 | 230 ± 30 | 180 ± 40 | 240 ± 60 | 120 ± 20 | 190 ± 50 | 180 ± 80 |
Methionine | 160 ± 50 | 140 ± 50 | 1300 ± 200 | 180 ± 10 | 200 ± 10 | 240 ± 40 | 200 ± 30 | 190 ± 50 | 380 ± 10 | 340 ± 140 | 170 ± 30 |
Phenylalanine | 62 ± 2 | 54 ± 8 | 610 ± 90 | 72 ± 13 | 100 ± 30 | 79 ± 15 | 50 ± 9 | 100 ± 40 | 57 ± 11 | 31 ± 10 | 140 ± 60 |
Proline | NDa | ND | 79 ± 31 | 160 ± 20 | 180 ± 70 | 110 ± 30 | 140 ± 70 | NQb | 160 ± 60 | NQ | 340 ± 230 |
Serine | 440 ± 100 | 280 ± 90 | 970 ± 130 | 570 ± 90 | 290 ± 70 | 540 ± 140 | 650 ± 140 | 400 ± 210 | 700 ± 100 | NQ | 480 ± 210 |
Threonine | 68 ± 29 | 58 ± 27 | 1200 ± 300 | 510 ± 170 | 760 ± 250 | 190 ± 100 | 500 ± 210 | 260 ± 100 | 500 ± 200 | 1300 ± 500 | 740 ± 440 |
Tryptophan | 23 ± 8 | 13 ± 8 | 390 ± 30 | 41 ± 17 | 22 ± 13 | 27 ± 8 | 20 ± 4 | 31 ± 17 | 14 ± 8 | 22 ± 4 | 40 ± 45 |
Tyrosine | 72 ± 15 | 52 ± 21 | 970 ± 200 | 73 ± 7 | 82 ± 15 | 76 ± 4 | 47 ± 7 | 110 ± 40 | 46 ± 10 | 58 ± 15 | 52 ± 11 |
Valine | 74 ± 8 | 59 ± 14 | 440 ± 90 | 130 ± 30 | 190 ± 50 | 160 ± 5 | 130 ± 29 | 150 ± 50 | 70 ± 16 | 140 ± 20 | 140 ± 50 |
Other amino acids | |||||||||||
Acetyl-Carnitine | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 27 ± 6 | 19 ± 5 | 7.0 ± 2.5 | 9.2 ± 7.7 | 58 ± 14 | 17 ± 14 | 15 ± 2 | 70 ± 47 | 83 ± 35 |
Carnitine | 0.07 ± 0.23 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 85 ± 8 | 140 ± 20 | 94 ± 33 | 93 ± 13 | 190 ± 60 | 210 ± 60 | 61 ± 7 | 140 ± 2 | 54 ± 21 |
Creatine | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 87 ± 45 | 37 ± 8 | 420 ± 110 | 910 ± 260 | 5500 ± 2400 | 4500 ± 1200 | 380 ± 180 | 8100 ± 600 | 2000 ± 500 | 23,000 ± 1000 |
Hypotaurine | 100 ± 30 | 92 ± 33 | 830 ± 130 | 390 ± 50 | 260 ± 70 | 120 ± 20 | 100 ± 20 | 230 ± 50 | 120 ± 20 | 2700 ± 1000 | 470 ± 40 |
Ketoleucine | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 14 ± 6 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | ND | 2.7 ± 1.1 | ND | 2.8 ± 1.6 |
Ornithine | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 35 ± 12 | 62 ± 15 | 82 ± 33 | 36 ± 20 | 62 ± 27 | 34 ± 35 | 61 ± 7 | 110 ± 50 | 130 ± 90 |
Sarcosine | 0.68 ± 0.61 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 19 ± 9 | 17 ± 4 | 86 ± 28 | 26 ± 8 | 14 ± 6 | 30 ± 11 | 53 ± 12 | 74 ± 26 | 12 ± 2 |
Organic acids | |||||||||||
2-Hydroxy-butyrate | 11 ± 4 | 7.7 ± 4.3 | 9.8 ± 4.1 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | ND | 6.1 ± 2.4 | ND | 8.6 ± 2.3 | ND | ND |
3-Amino-isobutyrate | ND | ND | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 22 ± 8 | 8.0 ± 4.9 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 4.3 | 5.1 ± 3.0 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 31 ± 19 | 29 ± 10 |
Acetate | 59 ± 5 | 380 ± 70 | 2100 ± 500 | 2300 ± 700 | 3500 ± 600 | 2400 ± 500 | 2000 ± 600 | 1700 ± 300 | 3900 ± 700 | 2500 ± 500 | 2100 ± 200 |
AABA | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 61 ± 26 | 15 ± 4 | 20 ± 21 | 21 ± 15 | 13 ± 6 | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 45 ± 22 | 33 ± 11 |
Formate | 230 ± 40 | 110 ± 50 | 17 ± 4 | 26 ± 7 | 37 ± 8 | 35 ± 8 | 20 ± 2 | 34 ± 4 | 19 ± 3 | 32 ± 8 | 24 ± 6 |
Fumarate | 0.37 ± 0.38 | 2 ± 1.2 | 11 ± 3 | 56 ± 15 | 91 ± 50 | 15 ± 5 | 50 ± 14 | 18 ± 9 | 57 ± 16 | 160 ± 80 | 42 ± 7 |
GABA | ND | 20 ± 11 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 79 ± 16 | 56 ± 45 | 15 ± 17 | 8.7 ± 1.7 | 36 ± 16 | 1300 ± 300 | 40 ± 31 | 9.1 ± 4.4 |
Isobutyrate | 15 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 5.3 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.4 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.9 |
Lactate | 2000 ± 500 | 2000 ± 600 | 2500 ± 400 | 5200 ± 1000 | 5900 ± 1000 | 1700 ± 700 | 1200 ± 400 | 2100 ± 700 | 14,000 ± 3000 | 1100 ± 200 | 16,000 ± 5000 |
Pantothenate | 7.3 ± 2.9 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | 9.6 ± 3.2 | 14 ± 5 | 19 ± 8 | ND | 20 ± 5 | 10 ± 3 | 20 ± 5 | 15 ± 5 | ND |
Pyruvate | 33 ± 8 | 7.9 ± 2.7 | 9.1 ± 3.0 | 11 ± 2 | 9.7 ± 2.1 | 15 ± 15 | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 20 ± 16 | 14 ± 4 | 19 ± 7 | 21 ± 18 |
Succinate | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 12 ± 4 | 82 ± 9 | 83 ± 21 | 390 ± 150 | 85 ± 38 | 190 ± 110 | 94 ± 57 | 190 ± 30 | 810 ± 370 | 210 ± 60 |
Osmolytes | |||||||||||
Betaine | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 2.7 | 82 ± 18 | 530 ± 90 | 670 ± 170 | 340 ± 60 | 160 ± 50 | 700 ± 300 | 160 ± 30 | 1500 ± 500 | 9400 ± 1800 |
myo-Inositol | 410 ± 30 | 480 ± 150 | 7700 ± 700 | 9200 ± 700 | 5600 ± 1700 | 720 ± 210 | 2500 ± 300 | 7300 ± 1700 | 13,000 ± 1000 | 1100 ± 100 | 250 ± 70 |
NAA | 23 ± 5 | 50 ± 29 | 2400 ± 300 | ND | 11 ± 3.0 | 10 ± 3 | 22 ± 3 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 2500 ± 300 | 9.8 ± 5.3 | 42 ± 18 |
NAH | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 99 ± 71 | 4400 ± 800 | 68 ± 10 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 450 ± 70 | 1300 ± 300 | 12 ± 3 | 3200 ± 300 | 29 ± 13 | 1100 ± 700 |
Ser-PETA | ND | 250 ± 100 | 4500 ± 800 | 5300 ± 600 | 5900 ± 1100 | 2400 ± 800 | 12,000 ± 2000 | 5400 ± 2100 | 12,000 ± 2000 | 11,000 ± 2000 | 3500 ± 400 |
Taurine | 140 ± 30 | 60 ± 16 | 100 ± 8 | 6600 ± 700 | 8700 ± 1100 | 4100 ± 900 | 15,000 ± 3000 | 20,000 ± 3000 | 4200 ± 300 | 6100 ± 3300 | 30,000 ± 3000 |
Thr-PETA | 14 ± 6 | 94 ± 42 | 3700 ± 300 | 2400 ± 400 | 11,000 ± 3000 | 520 ± 0 | 3400 ± 700 | 3600 ± 1500 | 4200 ± 300 | 7300 ± 2200 | 2300 ± 200 |
Antioxidants | |||||||||||
Ascorbate | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 4.0 | NQ | 180 ± 40 | 93 ± 58 | NQ | NQ | 46 ± 12 | 430 ± 50 | NQ | NQ |
GSH | ND | ND | 490 ± 90 | NQ | 5.8 ± 3.2 | 200 ± 70 | 290 ± 100 | ND | 180 ± 90 | 470 ± 50 | 140 ± 130 |
Ovothiol A | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 31 ± 12 | 1700 ± 300 | 370 ± 70 | 56 ± 64 | 330 ± 130 | 340 ± 30 | ND | 150 ± 40 | 360 ± 100 | 67 ± 34 |
Alcohols, amines, sugars | |||||||||||
Choline | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 20 ± 9 | 110 ± 30 | 2000 ± 400 | 1600 ± 570 | 810 ± 900 | 830 ± 200 | 2000 ± 700 | 730 ± 280 | 1700 ± 500 | 140 ± 30 |
Ethanolamine | 35 ± 9 | 73 ± 30 | 190 ± 30 | 1000 ± 100 | 1100 ± 400 | 700 ± 350 | 880 ± 205 | 680 ± 310 | 750 ± 130 | 860 ± 270 | ND |
Glucose | 2300 ± 600 | 1600 ± 400 | 640 ± 70 | 1000 ± 300 | 2200 ± 400 | 370 ± 320 | 3300 ± 600 | 260 ± 120 | 840 ± 150 | 42,000 ± 11,000 | 660 ± 440 |
Glycerol | 5.8 ± 3.5 | 10 ± 5 | 48 ± 24 | 600 ± 100 | 720 ± 320 | 560 ± 380 | 580 ± 110 | 530 ± 250 | 840 ± 180 | 1800 ± 600 | 66 ± 42 |
Glycerophosphocholine | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 30 ± 11 | 280 ± 40 | 1800 ± 200 | 570 ± 90 | 660 ± 210 | 3500 ± 1100 | 2100 ± 400 | 1600 ± 100 | 1100 ± 500 | 410 ± 60 |
Mannose | 21 ± 14 | 18 ± 7 | 16 ± 9 | 51 ± 15 | 61 ± 5 | 25 ± 10 | 290 ± 120 | 22 ± 9 | 160 ± 50 | 480 ± 150 | 80 ± 66 |
Phosphocholine | 3.8 ± 2.6 | 16 ± 7 | 1100 ± 100 | 620 ± 100 | 650 ± 160 | 430 ± 150 | 300 ± 120 | 1100 ± 300 | 360 ± 80 | 600 ± 190 | 95 ± 45 |
scyllo-Inositol | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 27 ± 4 | 170 ± 20 | 230 ± 100 | 26 ± 14 | 24 ± 3 | 58 ± 24 | 76 ± 17 | 39 ± 10 | 24 ± 11 |
Nitrogenous bases, nucleotides, nucleosides | |||||||||||
ADP | ND | ND | 170 ± 34 | 50 ± 12 | 140 ± 90 | 110 ± 44 | 14 ± 3 | 250 ± 200 | 57 ± 17 | 12,930 ± 70 | 510 ± 80 |
AMP | ND | ND | 41 ± 3 | 81 ± 41 | 270 ± 200 | 900 ± 420 | 110 ± 60 | 180 ± 150 | 200 ± 70 | 630 ± 190 | 60 ± 28 |
ATP | ND | ND | 720 ± 100 | 23 ± 12 | 140 ± 100 | 31 ± 14 | 180 ± 440 | 230 ± 280 | 56 ± 20 | 140 ± 50 | 120 ± 50 |
Creatinine | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 49 ± 12 | 15 ± 5 | 4.8 ± 2.6 | ND | 11 ± 3 | 21 ± 14 | 38 ± 25 | 27 ± 13 | 82 ± 39 |
Guanosine | ND | 6.9 ± 3.5 | 18 ± 27 | 89 ± 14 | 47 ± 9 | 15 ± 22 | 59 ± 29 | 230 ± 100 | 32 ± 8 | 56 ± 27 | 3.7 ± 2.7 |
Hypoxantine | ND | ND | 43 ± 5 | 240 ± 60 | 600 ± 180 | 75 ± 34 | 35 ± 11 | 180 ± 60 | 130 ± 50 | 110 ± 80 | 29 ± 8 |
Inosinate | ND | ND | 27 ± 4 | 86 ± 25 | 140 ± 120 | 160 ± 70 | 1100 ± 500 | 100 ± 160 | 200 ± 20 | 340 ± 150 | 450 ± 270 |
Inosine | ND | 17 ± 15 | 18 ± 6 | 830 ± 70 | 920 ± 500 | 230 ± 250 | 650 ± 110 | 1500 ± 700 | 420 ± 140 | 580 ± 260 | 290 ± 170 |
NAD | ND | ND | 94 ± 9 | ND | 17 ± 8 | 21 ± 13 | 23 ± 9 | 12 ± 7 | ND | 52 ± 26 | 25 ± 9 |
NADH | ND | ND | 3.8 ± 2.6 | ND | 1.1 ± 1.8 | ND | 4.7 ± 2.3 | ND | ND | 10 ± 6 | 3.2 ± 1.1 |
Nicotinamide | ND | ND | ND | 67 ± 6 | 180 ± 20 | 33 ± 26 | 170 ± 40 | 69 ± 20 | 83 ± 10 | 190 ± 40 | 28 ± 13 |
Uracil | ND | ND | ND | 85 ± 17 | 59 ± 24 | 20 ± 21 | 12 ± 3 | 31 ± 22 | 17 ± 9 | 25 ± 12 | 9.6 ± 5.4 |
Uridine | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 6.7 ± 6.4 | 43 ± 8 | 65 ± 18 | 16 ± 28 | 26 ± 6 | 68 ± 29 | 33 ± 13 | 41 ± 10 | 3.8 ± 1.4 |
