Table 4 Adverse event reports with substantial gender differences by antidiabetic subclass.

From: Gender differences in adverse event reports associated with antidiabetic drugs

Adverse event (PT level)

Women

Men

Risk ratiob (95% CI)

Drug-AE pairs

Reporting ratea

ROR

Drug-AE pairs

Reporting ratea

ROR

GLP1-RA (Women = 3167; Men = 2800)

Headache

9

28.42

2.16

1

3.57

0.70

7.97 (1.01–62.78)

Vomiting

20

63.16

2.46

4

14.29

1.91

4.42 (1.51–12.92)

Dizziness

12

37.89

1.15

3

10.71

0.99

3.54 (1.01–12.52)

SGLT2 inhibitor (Women = 72,400; Men = 78,767)

Urinary tract infection

19

2.62

18.63

0

0

–

–

Vaginitis

11

1.52

58.27

0

0

–

–

Genital infection

17

2.35

901.15

0

0

–

–

Pruritus, genital

44

6.08

430.56

1

0.13

259.37

47.87 (6.60–347.44)

Pruritus

20

0.97

2.76

2

0.25

0.19

10.88 (2.54–46.54)

Headache

11

1.03

1.52

2

0.25

0.44

5.98 (1.33–27.00)

Thiazolidinedione (Women = 145,500; Men = 203.033)

Edema

18

1.24

11.57

2

0.10

2.61

12.56 (2.91–54.13)

Vomiting

7

0.48

0.70

1

0.05

0.17

9.77 (1.20–79.39)

Edema generalised

7

0.48

9.23

1

0.05

3.09

9.77 (1.20–79.39)

SGOT increased

7

0.48

7.84

2

0.10

1.62

4.88 (1.01–23.51)

SGPT increased

7

0.48

7.07

2

0.10

1.46

4.88 (1.01–23.51)

Insulin (Women = 245,800; Men = 281,267)

Hyperglycemia

161

6.55

46.63

12

0.43

1.96

15.35 (8.54–27.60)

Pharyngitis

79

3.21

1.80

16

0.57

0.41

5.65 (3.30–9.67)

Injection site bruising

64

2.60

13.96

14

0.50

18.36

5.23 (29.3–9.33)

Sweating increased

52

2.12

2.41

15

0.53

0.77

3.97 (2.23–7.05)

Ketosis

18

0.73

241.42

6

0.21

33.10

3.43 (1.36–8.65)

Azotaemia

7

0.28

0.72

24

0.85

1.52

0.33 (0.14–0.77)

Hypertension

8

0.33

0.39

38

1.35

2.07

0.24 (0.11–0.52)

Pneumonia

7

0.28

0.25

39

1.39

0.85

0.21 (0.09–0.46)

Night sweats

0

–

 

20

0.71

46.98

–

Sulfonylurea (Women = 660,133; Men = 823,033)

Granulocytopenia

20

0.30

0.85

5

0.06

0.21

5.05 (1.9–13.47)

Dyspepsia

55

0.83

1.77

17

0.20

0.75

4.09 (2.37–7.04)

Abdominal pain

29

0.44

1.62

11

0.13

0.66

3.33 (1.66–6.67)

Myalgia

15

0.23

1.35

6

0.07

0.74

3.16 (1.23–8.14)

Pneumonia

4

0.06

0.65

20

0.24

1.58

0.25 (0.09–0.74)

Metformin (Women = 1,210,667, Men = 1,482,000)

Fracture

28

0.23

2.48

11

0.07

1.85

3.12 (1.55–6.26)

DPP-4 inhibitor (Women = 812,667; Men = 1,045,533)

Urinary tract infection

22

0.27

6.79

5

0.05

3.45

5.66 (2.14–14.95)

Hyponatremia

13

0.16

11.28

3

0.03

0.90

5.58 (1.59–19.56)

Herpes zoster

11

0.14

5.60

3

0.03

0.96

4.72 (1.32–16.91)

Palpitation

14

0.17

1.15

4

0.04

0.68

4.50 (1.48–13.68)

Fracture

19

0.23

2.85

6

0.06

1.54

4.07 (1.63–10.20)

AGI (Women = 54,533; Men = 59,733)

Diarrhea

2

0.37

0.60

11

1.84

2.11

0.20 (0.04–0.90)

  1. PT preferred term, ROR reporting odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. aReporting rate per 10,000 people was calculated over the total number of drug users of each class.
Back to article page