Table 5 MALDI MS proteomic analysis and identification after strategy refinement encompassing re-visitation of some previously incorrectly classified samples.

From: Pre-validation of a MALDI MS proteomics-based method for the reliable detection of blood and blood provenance

Sample no.

BET

I ID level (blood?)

II ID level (if blood, human/not)

III ID level (which animal species?)

True identity

Revisited?

Correct claim?

1 S

None

Yes

Animal

Bovine

Bovine

Yes

Yes

2 S

None

Yes

Yes

N/A

Human blood

 

Yes

3 S

None

Yes

Yes

N/A

Human blood

 

Yes

5 S

AB- + 

Yes

Animal

Bovine

Bovine

 

Yes

6 S

None

Yes

Human

NA

Human

Yes

Yes

7 S

None

Yes

Inconclusive

Inconclusive

Porcine

Yes

Yes

12 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Sweat

 

Yes

13 S

LCV+ 

No

N/A

N/A

Porcine

Yes

Yes

14 S*

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Human

 

No

16 S

None

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

17 S

None

Yes

Yes

N/A

Human blood

 

Yes

18 S

None

Yes

ANIMAL

Porcine

Wild boar

 

Yes

26 S

LCV− 

No

N/A

N/A

Saliva

 

Yes

27 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

 

Yes

28 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Bovine

Yes

Yes

29 S

AY-7 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Chicken

Yes

Yes

30 S

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Egg yolk

 

Yes

31 S

LCV+ 

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

32 S

LCV− 

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

Yes

Yes

34 S

LCV+ 

Yes

Human

N/A

Human + EDTA

 

Yes

35 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Chicken

Yes

Yes

36 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Ketchup

 

Yes

37 S

None

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

40 F

None

No

N/A

N/A

Sweat

 

Yes

41 S

AB-1  + 

No

N/A

N/A

Ketchup

 

Yes

49 S

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Saliva

 

Yes

53 S

None

Yes

Human

N/A

Human blood + EDTA

 

Yes

56 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Porcine

Yes

Yes

57 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Paint

 

Yes

58 S

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

 

Yes

59 S

None

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

60 S

AY-7 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Saliva

 

Yes

61 S

None

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

63 S

LCV− faint

No

N/A

N/A

Chicken

Yes

Yes

78 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Lotion gold bond

 

Yes

79 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Blank

Yes

Yes

122 F

AY-7 + 

Yes

Human

N/A

Human blood

 

Yes

132 F

LCV (− 1 area/residue)

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

 

Yes

141 F

AB-1 + (spotty)

No

N/A

N/A

Ketchup

 

Yes

158 F

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

 

Yes

160 F

AY-7 − 

No

N/A

N/A

Saliva

 

Yes

162 F

AB-1 + 

Yes

Human

N/A

Human

 

Yes

165 F

AY-7 + 

No

NO

N/A

Egg white

 

Yes

175 F

LCV− 

No

N/A

N/A

Egg white

 

Yes

4 F

None

Yes

Animal

Chicken

Chicken

 

Yes

24 S

None

No

No

N/A

Egg

 

Yes

25 S

LCV+ 

Yes

ANIMAL

BOVINE

Bovine

 

Yes

41 S

AB-1 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Ketchup

 

Yes

44 S

None

Yes

ANIMAL

PORCINE

Wild boar

 

Yes

53 S

None

Yes

HUMAN

N/A

Human blood + EDTA

 

Yes

72 S

None

No

N/A

N/A

Steak sauce

 

Yes

76 S

AY-7 + 

No

N/A

N/A

Semen

 

Yes

107 F

None

Yes

Animal

Porcine

Porcine

 

Yes

144 F

None

No

N/A

N/A

Blank

 

Yes

170 F**

None

No

N/A

N/A

Human blood

 

No

  1. The Table reports a total of 56 samples, 45 of which were reported in Tables 1 and 2. Originals of samples 13 and 14 were no longer available and could not be re-processed.
  2. S stain, F fingermarks.
  3. Rows in bold indicate additional new samples analysed after strategy refinement.
  4. *Probable sample mislabelling.
  5. **Blood in trace amounts for which instrumental sensitivity might have been insufficient. BET indicates “blood enhancement technique” and the corresponding column shows “none” for none applied or reports the name of the technique with the enhancement result; “−” indicates no enhancement whereas “+” indicates enhancement. AB-1 (Acid Black 1); LCV (Leucocrystal Violet); AY-7 (Acid Yellow 7).
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