Figure 1

Map of Kashmir valley and adjoining regions (boxed area in the inset map of India) along with major fault/ thrust lines mapped using^41,42,43,44 and seismo-tectonic atlas of India⁴⁵: MFT—Main Frontal Thrust, MBT—Main Boundary Thrust, MCT—Main Central Thrust, STDS—South Tibet Detachment System, ISZ—Indus Suture zone, MMT—Main Mantle Thrust. IKSZ—Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone. Regional fault lines are BBF—Bagh-Balakot fault, RTF—Riasi Thrust fault, BF—Balapora fault and KF—Kishtwar fault. India-fixed velocities of cGPS sites are plotted as arrows: Black (Present study), Red¹⁴ and Brown²⁵. Black dashed line is the apparent northern edge of locked decollement estimated from location of microseismicity using data from collocated broadband seismic network (Supplementary section A1). Solid circles denote seismic events: Blue (M ≥ 3; source: https://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/), Red (M ≥ 1 located from collocated broadband network) and Yellow⁵. Focal mechanisms of seismic events of magnitude ≥ 5.0 are plotted from (https://www.globalcmt.org/CMTsearch.html) Global CMT catalogue. Figure was created using GMT (Generic mapping tool) software version 5.2.1 (ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/legacy/)⁴⁶.