Table 2 Odds of cognitive impairment.

From: Education in early life markedly reduces the probability of cognitive impairment in later life in Colombia

Independent variable

Main analysis (n = 16,505)

Sensitivity analysis (n = 20,174)

Age, years

1.03 (1.03, 1.04)

1.09 (1.09, 1.10)

Female sex

1.06 (0.93, 1.20)

0.82 (0.72, 0.93)

Height

Quintile 1

Reference

Reference

Quintile 2

0.95 (0.84, 1.09)

0.81 (0.72, 0.92)

Quintile 3

0.95 (0.83, 1.08)

0.83 (0.73, 0.95)

Quintile 4

0.92 (0.79, 1.06)

0.78 (0.67, 0.91)

Quintile 5

0.93 (0.78, 1.10)

0.75 (0.63, 0.90)

Education

None

Reference

Reference

Some primary

0.57 (0.52, 0.63)

0.33 (0.30, 0.36)

Some secondary or more

0.29 (0.25, 0.34)

0.12 (0.10, 0.14)

Economic situation of family during childhood

Bad

Reference

-

Normal

1.05 (0.93, 1.19)

-

Good

1.25 (1.11, 1.41)

-

Self-rated health during childhood

Bad

Reference

-

Normal

0.89 (0.63, 1.26)

-

Good

0.80 (0.58, 1.10)

-

Current income

None

Reference

Reference

Less than minimum wage

1.04 (0.92, 1.17)

0.70 (0.63, 0.78)

Minimum wage

0.95 (0.82, 1.11)

0.46 (0.39, 0.55)

More than 1 to 2 times minimum wage

0.81 (0.67, 0.98)

0.44 (0.35, 0.55)

More than 2 to 3 times minimum wage

0.77 (0.56, 1.07)

0.34 (0.21, 0.54)

More than 3 to 4 times minimum wage

0.46 (0.26, 0.81)

0.27 (0.12, 0.64)

More than 4 times minimum wage

0.22 (0.09, 0.55)

0.32 (0.13, 0.82)

Civil status

Not married or with partner

Reference

Reference

Married or with partner

0.98 (0.89, 1.07)

0.74 (0.68, 0.81)

Cigarette smoking

Never smoker

Reference

Reference

Current or ex-smoker

1.07 (0.98, 1.17)

0.89 (0.81, 0.97)

Alcohol drinking

Non-drinker

Reference

Reference

Drinker

0.94 (0.83, 1.08)

0.68 (0.58, 0.81)

Self-rated nutritional status

Serious malnutrition

Reference

-

Moderate malnutrition

0.79 (0.61, 1.02)

-

Good nutrition

0.75 (0.58, 0.97)

-

Physically active

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

0.90 (0.83, 0.98)

0.60 (0.55, 0.65)

  1. Values are mutually adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Cognitive impairment was defined as the lowest tertile of the shorter version of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the main analysis and as a score of 12 or less out of 19 in the sensitivity analysis. Economic situation of family during childhood, self-rated health during childhood, and self-rated nutritional status could not be included in the sensitivity analysis because the proxy interviewee was not asked about these variables.
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