Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjectsa.
From: Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk for coronary heart disease: a nationwide cohort study
Variables | Total (n = 4,400) | CHD (n = 771) | Non-CHD (n = 3,629) | p valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Follow up duration (years) | 3.3 ± 2.7 | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
2.7 [0.9, 5.2] | 1.0 [0.1, 2.9] | 3.0 [1.3, 5.7] | ||
Age (years) | 59.1 ± 11.5 | 63.7 ± 9.9 | 58.1 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 |
< 55 | 1,502 (34.1%) | 139 (18.0%) | 1,363 (37.6%) | |
≥ 55 | 2,898 (65.9%) | 632 (82.0%) | 2,266 (62.4%) | |
Men | 2,468 (56.1%) | 454 (58.9%) | 2,014 (55.5%) | 0.08 |
Smoking status | 0.06 | |||
Never smokers | 2,615 (59.4%) | 461 (59.8%) | 2,154 (59.4%) | |
Former smokers | 773 (17.6%) | 153 (19.8%) | 620 (17.1%) | |
Current smokers | 1,012 (23.0%) | 157 (20.4%) | 855 (23.6%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 23.4 ± 3.8 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 0.76 |
CCI | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
Household income levels | 0.08 | |||
0–20% | 837 (19.0%) | 160 (20.8%) | 677 (18.7%) | |
20–40% | 549 (12.5%) | 86 (11.2%) | 463 (12.8%) | |
40–60% | 706 (16.1%) | 103 (13.4%) | 603 (16.6%) | |
60–80% | 894 (20.3%) | 159 (20.6%) | 735 (20.3%) | |
80–100% | 1,414 (32.1%) | 263 (34.1%) | 1,151 (31.7%) | |
Medication | ||||
ICS | 2,683 (61.0%) | 453(58.8%) | 2,230 (61.5%) | 0.16 |
ICS/LABA | 1,340 (30.5%) | 199 (25.8%) | 1,141 (31.4%) | 0.002 |
LABA | 12 (0.3%) | 4 (0.5%) | 8 (0.2%) | 0.15 |
LAMA | 459 (10.4%) | 66 (8.6%) | 393 (10.8%) | 0.06 |
SABA | 1,481 (33.7%) | 286 (37.1%) | 1,195 (32.9%) | 0.03 |
SABA/SAMA | 26 (0.6%) | 7 (0.9%) | 19 (0.5%) | 0.21 |
SAMA | 369 (8.4%) | 100 (13.0%) | 269 (7.4%) | < 0.001 |
Asthma status c | 0.17 | |||
No | 724 (16.5%) | 114 (14.8%) | 610 (16.8%) | |
Yes | 3,676 (83.6%) | 657 (85.2%) | 3,019 (83.2%) | |
