Table 2 Phenotypic definitions of difficult-to-treat resistance.
Gram negative bacteria | β-Lactam | Extended-spectrum cephalosporin | Carbapenems | Fluoroquinolones |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter spp. Proteus mirabilis Serratia marcescens Morganella morganii | Aztreonam, Piperacillin-tazobactam | Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime | Imipenem, Meropenem Doripenem Ertapenem | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin |
Acinetobacter baumannii | Piperacillin-tazobactam | Ceftazidime, Cefepime | Imipenem, Meropenem Doripenem | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Aztreonam, Piperacillin-tazobactam | Ceftazidime, Cefepime | Imipenem, Meropenem Doripenem | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin |
Gram positive bacteria | β-Lactam | Glycopeptides | Aminosides | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis | Amoxicillin | Vancomycin, Teicoplanin | Gentamicin, Tobramycin | |
Staphylococcus spp. | Oxacilline | Vancomycin, Teicoplanin | Gentamicin, Tobramycin | |
Streptococcus agalactiae | Amoxicillin | Vancomycin, Teicoplanin | Gentamicin | |
