Table 2 Habitat attributes, species richness, and functional diversity per elevational interval and distance to the treeline (i.e. elevation of the point-count minus the elevation of the closest treeline) in south temperate mountains, Chile. Positive and negative intervals are above and below the treeline, respectively. The elevational intervals are arranged from highest to lowest elevation. Each metric is presented as mean (SE).

From: Treeline ecotones shape the distribution of avian species richness and functional diversity in south temperate mountains

Distance to treeline

na

Habitat typesb

Structural heterogeneityc

Species richnessd

Functional richnesse

Functional dispersion

CWM elevational distributionf

(+) 200–299

36

AL

2.36 (0.10)

2.48 (0.11)

0.04 (0.01)

0.09 (0.02)

552.27 (42.28)

(+) 100–199

156

AL

2.54 (0.05)

2.62 (0.08)

0.06 (0.01)

0.13 (0.01)

706.96 (26.44)

(+) 0–99

234

AL, SA

3.33 (0.06)

5.01 (0.18)

0.12 (0.00)

0.20 (0.01)

1110.22 (26.42)

(−) 0–99

394

SA, OM

3.98 (0.03)

7.82 (0.04)

0.13 (0.00)

0.26 (0.00)

1421.33 (4.01)

(−) 100–199

296

SA, OM

4.04 (0.02)

7.59 (0.05)

0.11 (0.00)

0.26 (0.00)

1434.58 (3.02)

(−) 200–299

36

OM

4.00 (0.00)

6.73 (0.11)

0.09 (0.01)

0.26 (0.00)

1455.43 (5.47)

(−) 300–399

152

OM, SM

3.75 (0.05)

7.25 (0.07)

0.10 (0.00)

0.25 (0.00)

1417.96 (3.71)

(−) 400–499

130

OM, SM

3.64 (0.04)

6.39 (0.07)

0.07 (0.00)

0.26 (0.00)

1407.80 (3.82)

(−) 500–599

222

OM, SM

3.87 (0.02)

6.70 (0.06)

0.08 (0.00)

0.25 (0.00)

1410.16 (2.91)

(−) 600–699

23

OM, SM

3.65 (0.10)

5.87 (0.13)

0.08 (0.01)

0.25 (0.01)

1397.92 (13.11)

(−) 700–799

18

SM

3.67 (0.11)

6.10 (0.16)

0.10 (0.01)

0.24 (0.02)

1448.15 (10.63)

(−) 800–899

29

SM

3.48 (0.11)

6.03 (0.08)

0.07 (0.01)

0.25 (0.01)

1391.57 (25.02)

(−) 900–999

277

SM

3.81 (0.02)

6.26 (0.04)

0.09 (0.00)

0.25 (0.00)

1423.35 (3.74)

(−) 1000–1099

130

SM

3.78 (0.04)

5.77 (0.07)

0.08 (0.00)

0.25 (0.00)

1412.03 (9.15)

(−) 1100–1199

69

SM

3.91 (0.03)

5.63 (0.06)

0.07 (0.01)

0.24 (0.01)

1414.80 (13.75)

  1. a Sample size for each elevational interval.
  2. b AL: Alpine, SA: Subalpine, OM: Old-growth montane forest, SM: Successional montane forest.
  3. c Additive index of the structural habitat attributes (i.e. tree canopy, dead trees, understory, shrub, snow, tundra, and rock).
  4. d Predicted species richness from the top model in Table 1.
  5. e Higher values indicate a greater volume of the potential niche space is occupied.
  6. f Community-weighted mean of the elevational distribution trait.
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