Table 3 Functional traits relating to temporal and spatial use of resources for foraging, reproduction and life-history of avian species in Andean temperate mountain ecosystems, south Chile.

From: Treeline ecotones shape the distribution of avian species richness and functional diversity in south temperate mountains

Species name

Dieta

Substrateb

Nest locationc

Migratory statusd

Elevational distributione

Clutch sizef

Body mass (g)g

Ashy-headed goose (Chloephaga poliocephala)

H

G

GO

M

361 (1203–1564)

5

2233.5

Chilean pigeon (Patagioenas araucana)

F

F

VO

R

1236 (227–1463)

1.5

200

Green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes)

N

F

VO

M

1353 (211–1564)

2

5.98

Southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis)

I

G

GO

R

450 (228–678)

3.5

323

Black-faced ibis (Theristicus melanopis)

I

G

VO

R

836 (237–779; 1327–1621)

2.5

1250

Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma)

C

G

VO

M

820 (841–1641)

2

980

Striped woodpecker (Veniliornis lignarius)

I

T

VC

R

1392 (242–1634)

3.5

39.97

Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus)

I

T

VC

R

764 (857–1621)

1.5

319.5

Chilean flicker (Colaptes pitius)

I

T

VC

R

1320 (350–1670)

4

125

Southern crested caracara (Caracara plancus)

C

G

VO

R

1080 (275–1355)

3

1375

Chimango caracara (Milvago chimango)

C

G

VO

R

1303 (237–1540)

3

291.5

Austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus)

F

F

VC

R

1384 (237–1621)

6.5

200

Black-throated huet-huet (Pteroptochos tarnii)

I

G

VC

R

1268 (227–1495)

2

144.33

Chucao tapaculo (Scelorchilus rubecula)

I

G

VC

R

1253 (211–1464)

2

40.35

Magellanic tapaculo (Scytalopus magellanicus)

I

G

VC

R

1268 (227–1495)

2

11.67

Rufous-banded miner (Geositta rufipennis)

I

G

RC

M

297 (1424–1721)

2.5

39.5

White-throated treerunner (Pygarrhichas albogularis)

I

T

VC

R

1423 (211–1634)

3

25.6

Patagonian forest earthcreeper (Upucerthia saturatior)

I

G

GC

M

388 (1302–1690)

2.5

46.25

Buff-winged cinclodes (Cinclodes fuscus)

I

G

VC

M

360 (1317–1677)

3

31

Grey-flanked cinclodes (Cinclodes oustaleti)

I

G

RC

M

516 (1235–1751)

3.5

26.5

Dark-bellied cinclodes (Cinclodes patagonicus)

I

G

GC

M

1119 (227–1346)

2.5

45.5

Thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

I

T

VC

R

1479 (211–1690)

5

11.74

Des Murs`s wire-tail (Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii)

I

F

VO

R

1291 (273–1564)

3

10.5

Plain-mantled tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura aegithaloides)

I

T

VC

R

679 (1011–1690)

3

9.1

Sharp-billed canastero (Asthenes pyrrholeuca)

I

F

VO

M

182 (1300–1482)

3

13

White-crested elaenia (Elaenia albiceps)

I

F

VO

M

1479 (211–1690)

2.5

15.62

Tufted tit-tyrant (Anairetes parulus)

I

F

VO

R

779 (211–990)

3

7.2

Dark-faced ground-tyrant (Muscisaxicola maclovianus)

I

G

RC

M

461 (1264–1725)

2.5

23.8

White-browed Ground-tyrant (Muscisaxicola albilora)

I

G

RC

M

348 (1377–1725)

2.5

22.6

Fire-eyed diucon (Xolmis pyrope)

I

A

VO

R

1448 (242–1690)

2.5

30.45

Patagonian tyrant (Colorhamphus parvirostris)

I

A

VO

M

894 (373–1267)

3

10.6

Blue-and-white swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca)

I

A

RC

M

740 (1011–1751)

4

15.5

Chilean swallow (Tachycineta leucopyga)

I

A

VC

M

1510 (211–1721)

4

16

Southern house wren (Troglodytes musculus)

I

F

VC

M

1479 (211–1690)

5

10.37

Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii)

F

G

VC

R

1524 (227–1751)

3

78.75

Grassland yellow-finch (Sicalis luteola)

G

G

GO

R

303 (237–540)

4

16.25

Patagonian sierra-finch (Phrygilus patagonicus)

G

G

VO

M

1462 (228–1690)

3.5

21.3

Plumbeous sierra-finch (Phrygilus unicolor)

G

G

RC

M

348 (1377–1725)

2.5

21.9

Yellow-bridled finch (Melanodera xanthogramma)

F

G

RC

M

485 (1283–1768)

3

36

Common diuca-finch (Diuca diuca)

G

G

VO

R

299 (338–540; 1385–1482)

3

33

Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis)

G

G

GO

M

1408 (237–1645)

4

23.5

Austral black bird (Curaeus curaeus)

I

G

VO

R

1423 (211–1634)

4.5

90

Long-tailed meadowlark (Sturnella loyca)

I

G

GO

R

305 (264–569)

4

104.75

Black-chinned siskin (Spinus barbatus)

G

G

VO

M

1524 (227–1751)

4.5

15.83

  1. a I = insectivorous, C = carnivorous, G = granivorous, N = nectarivores, F = frugivorous, H = herbivorous 71,72. The primary diet is reported and it was used for analysis.
  2. b G = ground, A = air, F = foliage, T = timber 71,72 (complemented with our own field observations). The primary foraging substrate is reported and it was used for analysis.
  3. c VC = vegetation and cavity-nester, VO = vegetation and open cup nester, GC = ground and cavity-nester, GO = ground and open cup nester, RC = rock and cavity-nester, RO = rock and open cup nester 33,72,73.
  4. d M = migrant, R = resident 20,71,72.
  5. e This study. Elevational distributions (elevational range) in meters.
  6. f 72,73,74,75,76,77.
  7. g 76,78 complemented with field data (Altamirano, Unpublished data).
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