Figure 1

Levels of soluble markers of leukocyte activation in precapillary PH. Patients with PAH were classified as idiopathic PAH (IPAH, n = 30), associated PAH (APAH, n = 44), and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH, n = 32) and in healthy controls (CTR, n = 23). Data are given as estimated marginal means (ng/ml) adjusted for age and sex. P value represents the overall group effect. *p < 0.05, **p < 0. 01 ***p < 0.001 versus controls. †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.001 between etiologies.