Figure 8

The schematic diagram illustrates the mechanism for the effect of the oxalate/LCN2/ERK and p-ERK and the expressions of LCN2, PTGS1, GPX3 and MMD axises on renal epithelial cell damage during kidney stone formation. Activation of ERK1/2 by oxalate stimulation promotes the expressions of LCN2 and other proteins. Then LCN2, in turn, activates the ERK signaling pathway through its receptor.