Table 2 Assumed patient characteristics17.

From: Transcapillary transport of water, small solutes and proteins during hemodialysis

 

Normal

pre-dialysis

Plasma solutesa

Sodium (Na+) (mmol/L)

140

138b

Potassium (K+) (mmol/L)

4.3

5

Chloride (Cl−) (mmol/L)

103

103

Bicarbonate (HCO3−) (mmol/L)

26

22

Other cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) (mmol/L)

2

2

Urea (mmol/L)

6

27

Creatinine (mmol/L)

0.1

1

Albumin (g/dL)

4.1

3.75

Total protein (g/dL)

7.0

6.5

Plasma water fraction (–)

0.94

0.945

Hematocrit (%)

47

35

Cardiac output (L/min)

5.25

6.2

Fistula blood flow ( mL/min)

–

950

  1. aFor small ions, the concentrations listed above are assumed to be the concentrations of free ions that exert osmotic pressure, thus excluding the fractions of ions bounded to proteins or paired/complexed with other ions (those fractions are likely of similar order of magnitude on both sides of capillary walls).
  2. bAn average pre-dialysis plasma sodium level typically seen in hemodialysis patients31,32.