Figure 2
Images of the right eye of a 40-year-old man with central serous chorioretinopathy. The refraction was 0.00 diopters. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.40 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution unit. (A) Color fundus photograph shows a serous retinal detachment (SRD) at the macular area. (B) 12 mm horizontal and vertical B-mode optical coherence tomography (OCT) images through the fovea show pachychoroid with dilated outer choroidal vessels (vortex veins) associated with SRD. The central choroidal thickness is 493 µm. (C,D) Fluorescein angiography (early and late phases) shows smoke-stack pattern dye leakage at the fovea. (E,F) Indocyanine green angiography (early and late phases) shows dilated choroidal vessels and dye leakage at the fovea. (G) En face OCT image (12 mm × 12 mm) showing dilated vortex veins in the deep layer of the choroid. Horizontal watershed is lost because of the anastomoses between the superior and inferior vortex veins. (H) En face OCT image (temporal 8 mm × 12 mm), binarized image, and skeletonized image. The area, length, and mean diameter of vortex veins are 56.6 mm2, 415 mm, and 136 µm, respectively.
