Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis.
From: Toxoplasma gondii and multiple sclerosis: a population-based case–control study
Multiple Sclerosis patients (n = 129) | Controls (n = 287) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-value | adjOR | 95% CI | p-value | |||
Age, y (mean ± SD) | 44.7 ± 11.0 | 48.1 ± 15.6 | 0.98 | 0.97- 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.6 |
Sex (women), n (%) | 86 (66.7) | 193 (67.3) | 0.97 | 0.62–1.51 | 0.9 | 1.07 | 0.66–1.72 | 0.8 |
Profession, n (%) | ||||||||
Professional/Office job | 51 (46.5) | 90 (31.8) | 1 | / | / | |||
Industry | 6 (5.4) | 39 (13.8) | 0.27 | 0.11–0.68 | 0.006 | |||
Tradesman | 4 (3.6) | 9 (3.2) | 0.78 | 0.23–2.67 | 0.7 | |||
Artisan | 3 (2.7) | 7 (2.5) | 0.75 | 0.18–3.05 | 0.7 | |||
Agricolture | / | 1 (0.3) | / | / | / | |||
Housewife | 25 (22.7) | 79 (27.9) | 0.56 | 0.32–0.98 | 0.04 | |||
Unemployed | 9 (8.1) | 10 (3.5) | 1.58 | 0.61- 4.16 | 0.5 | |||
Other | 12 (10.9) | 48 (17.0) | 0.44 | 0.21–0.97 | 0.03 | |||
Number of siblings (mean ± SD) | 2.97 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 0.92 | 0.83–1.001 | 0.08 | |||
Education, n (%) | ||||||||
Illiterate/primary school | 8 (6.2) | 66 (23.0) | 1 | / | / | |||
Secondary school | 38 (29.5) | 94 (32.7) | 3.33 | 1.46–7.60 | 0.004 | |||
High school | 48 (37.2) | 85 (29.6) | 4.66 | 2.06–10.5 | < 0.0001 | |||
University | 35(27.1) | 42 (14.6) | 6.87 | 2.90–16.25 | < 0.0001 | |||
Years of schooling, n (%) | ||||||||
≤ 8 years | 46 (35.7) | 160(55.7) | 1 | / | / | 1 | / | / |
≥ 9 years | 83 (64.3) | 127 (44.2) | 2.27 | 1.48–3.49 | < 0.0001 | 1.70 | 1.07–2.73 | 0.02 |
Cat ownership, n (%) | 41 (31.8) | 92 (32.1) | 0.99 | 0.63–1.54 | 0.9 | |||
Dog ownership, n (%) | 63 (48.8) | 135 (47.0) | 1.07 | 0.71–1.63 | 0.7 | |||
T. gondii positivity, n (%) | 38 (29.5) | 130(45.4) | 0.50 | 0.32–0.78 | 0.002 | 0.56 | 0.34–0.93 | 0.02 |
T. canis positivity, n (%) | 11 (8.5) | 23 (8.0) | 1.07 | 0.50–2.27 | 0.2 | |||
T. gondii and T. canis positivity, n (%) | 4 (3.1) | 14 (4.9) | 0.62 | 0.20–1.93 | 0.4 | |||
Mononucleosis, n (%) | 22 (17.0) | 20 (7.1) | 2.70 | 1.42- 5.16 | 0.003 | 2.22 | 1.12–4.39 | 0.02 |
Autoimmune diseases, n (%) | 6/129 (4.6) | 33/269 (12.3) | 0.34 | 0.14–0.85 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.12–0.81 | 0.02 |
Smoking (Never/Ever), n (%) | 56/107 (52.3) | 127 (44.4) | 1.11 | 0.80–1.53 | 0.5 | |||
