Table 1 Main characteristics of the included studies.
First author | Year | Study location | Design | Participants | Intervention | Group size | Patients (eyes) | Average age | Sex (M/F) | Outcomes | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/control | Case/control | ||||||||||
Rizzo et al. | 2007 | US | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg, pre-Op 5–7 days versus Sham | 11/11 | 22 | 52 | NA | Complexity score, main-feasibility of surgery, BCVA | 6 months |
Pakzad-Vaezi et al. | 2014 | UK | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL versus IVR, 0.50 mg/0.05 mL | 15/14 | 29 | 52.5 | 12/17 | Total surgical time, TRD, Intraoperative bleeding, iatrogenic retinal breaks, use of endolaser and endodiathermy, silicone oil | In operation |
Castillo et al. | 2017 | Mex | RCT | PDR | IVB, 2.5 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 1–3 days versus IVB, 2.5 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 5–10 days | 73/65 | 126 | 54.9/57.4 | 70/68 | BCVA, intraoperative surgery time, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, | 6 months |
Arevalo et al. | 2019 | 9 countries | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 3–5 days versus Sham | 102/112 | 224 | 59.5 ± 11.0/61.3 ± 10 | 116/68 | Intraoperative bleeding, total surgical time, early postoperative VH, BCVA, endodiathermy applications, intraoperative retinal breaks, change in central macular thickness | 12 months |
Ahmadieh et al. | 2009 | Iran | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus sham | 35/33 | 68 | 55.2 ± 11.1 | 34/34 | Incidence of early post-vitrectomy hemorrhage, BCVA, IVB-related adverse events | 1 months |
Yang et al. | 2015 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 3 days versus sham | 54/53 | 107 | 48.63/49.64 | 51/56 | intraoperative bleeding, VH, BCVA, TRD, IOP, Endophthalmitis, Rubeosis, adverse events | 3 months |
Ahn et al. | 2011 | Korea | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 1 to 14 days before PPV versus IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL at the end of PPV versus sham | 36/37/34 | 107 | NA | NA | VH, time of vitreous clearing, BCVA | 6 months |
Lauro et al. | 2009 | Italy | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus IVB, 1.25 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 20 days versus Sham | 24/24/24 | 72 | NA | NA | Vitreous hemorrhage, configuration of retinal detachment, complexity surgery score, intraoperative bleeding, endodiathermy, iatrogenic break, relaxing retinotomy, silicone-oil tamponade, Surgical mean time | 6 months |
Modarres et al. | 2009 | Iran | RCT | PDR | IVB,2.5 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 3–5 days versus sham | 22/18 | 40 | 5.8 ± 11.3/53.2 ± 11.7 | NA | CS, BCVA, Number of endodiathermy applications, Backflush needle applications, Duration of surgery, VH | 7 ± 3.6 months |
Hernández-Da Mota et al. | 2010 | Mex | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 2 days versus sham | 20/20 | 40 | 55.7 ± 7.4/ 55.7 ± 9.9 | 24/16 | BCVA, Intraoperative bleeding number of endodiathermy applications | 6 months |
Han et al. | 2012 | China | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg, pre-Op 2 days versus sham | 12/12 | 24 | 50.3/53.25 | 12/12 | Number of vascular endothelial cells in NVMs, VEGF, HIF-1α | NA |
Farahvash et al. | 2011 | Iran | RCT? | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus sham | 18/17 | 35 | 58.5 | 18/17 | Intraoperative complexity score, intraoperative bleeding, break formation, endodiathermy, CS, BCVA | 7 months |
Aleman et al. | 2019 | US | RCT | PDR | IVZ, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 1–10 days versus IVB 1.25 mg/0.5 mL, pre-Op 1–10 days | 82/91 | 206 | 58/55.8 | 91/82 | BCVA, TRD, surgical time, Intraoperative and postoperative complications | 6 months |
Velazquez et al. | 2018 | Mex | RCT | PDR | A: IVB, 0.625 mg/0.025 mL, pre-Op 1–10 days; B: IVB 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 1–10 days; C: IVB 2.5 mg/0.1 mL, pre-Op 1–10 days | 75/59/72 | 206 | 57.3/55.6/56.3 | 74/93 | BCVA, TRD, intraoperative and postoperative complications | 6 months |
Comyn et al. | 2017 | UK | RCT | PDR | IVR, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus Sham | 15/15 | 30 | 48.7/57.1 | 18/12 | ETDRS BCVA, extend of TRD and Macular perfusion, surgery Time, surgery instrument usage, intraoperative haemorrhage, postoperative vitreous cavity haemorrhage | 3 months |
Hattori et al. | 2010 | Japan | RCT | PDR | IVB, 0.53 ± 0.39 (0.16–1.25), pre-Op 3 days versus Sham | 12/40 | 52 | 59.1 ± 9.4 | NA | VEGF concentration, Numbers of intraoperative coagulation spots | NA |
Manabe et al. | 2015 | Japan | RCT | PDR | IVB, 0.16 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 1 day versus sham | 32/34 | 66 | 59.9 ± 11.8/ 59.2 ± 12.9 | 54/12 | VH, numbers of intraoperative laser, endodiathermy, concentration of VEGF | 1 months |
Su et al. | 2016 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus sham | 18/18 | 36 | NA | NA | BCVA, intraoperative bleeding, Endodiathermy, Iatrogenic break, Silicone oil, Surgical mean time | 6 weeks |
Zaman et al. | 2013 | Pakistan | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg /0,05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus sham | 30/24 | 54 | 52.07 ± 5.54 | 32/22 | BCVA, postoperative complication, VH | 6 months |
Jeon et al. | 2012 | Korea | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 1-day versus IVB 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days | 15/15 | 30 | 58,71 ± 9.77/ 55.83 ± 10.67 | 19/11 | VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β2, IL-2, TNF-α | 1 day |
Li et al. | 2015 | China | RCT | PDR | IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 5 days versus IVB, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL , pre-Op > 14 days versus Sham | 23/11/19 | 68 | 48.9 ± 11.2/53.9 ± 8.5 | 29/24 | Vitreous VEGF, bFGF, fibrosis | NA |
Lucena et al. | 2009 | USA | RCT | PDR | IVB 1.25 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 14 days versus sham | 10/10 | 20 | NA | 10/10 | Amount of intraocular haemorrhage, | NA |
Zhou et al. | 2018 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg, pre-Op 7 days versus sham | 9/9 | 16 | 51.69 ± 8.5 | 14/11 | BCVA, VEGF, PIGF | 3 months |
Li et al. | 2020 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 7 days versus IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 14 days versus sham | 20/20/20 | 60 | 50.6 ± 5.6 | 32/28 | CS, intraoperative bleeding, VEGF concentrations, total surgical time | NA |
Gao et al. | 2020 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 3–5 days versus IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, end of surgery | 34/35 | 69 | 50.76 ± 13.47/53.97 ± 14.76 | 30/39 | BCVA, IOP, intraoperative bleeding, surgery duration, postoperative follow-up | 6 months |
Cui et al. | 2018 | China | RCT | PDR | IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 3–7 days versus IVR, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL, pre-Op 3–7 days | 20/19 | 39 | 60.74 ± 2.63/55.28 ± 5.16 | 24/15 | BCVA, operation time, incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks, endodiathermy rate, and silicone oil tamponade, vitreous clearing time, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding | 6 months |
