Table 7 The frequency of the phenotypic multidrug-resistance and the antibiotic-resistance genes among the retrieved strains (n = 48).

No. of strains	%	Type of resistance	Phenotypic multidrug resistance	The antibiotic -resistance genes
24	50	MDR	Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	bla_TEM, bla_CTX, and bla_KPC
			Cephalosporins: cetazidime, cefotaxime
			Carbapenems: meropenem and imipenem
12	25	Resistant	Penicillins: ampicillin and amoxicillin	bla_TEM and bla_CTX
12	25	Resistant	Cephalosporins: cetazidime and cefotaxime	bla_TEM and bla_CTX
4	8.3	MDR	Penicillins: ampicillin and amoxicillin	bla_TEM and bla_CTX
			Cephalosporins: cetazidime and cefotaxime
			Aminoglycosides: amikacin
3	6.3	Resistant	Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	bla_TEM
3	6.3	Resistant	Sulfonamides: trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole	bla_TEM
3	6.3	Resistant	Penicillins: ampicillin, and amoxicillin	bla_TEM
2	4.1	Resistant	Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	bla_TEM

Characteristics of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistance (XDR), and pandrug-resistance (PDR) in E. coli: PDR non-susceptible to all antimicrobial agents listed, XDR non-susceptible to ≥ one agent in all but ≤ two antimicrobial classes, MDR non-susceptible to ≥ one agent in ≥ three antimicrobial classes.

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