Table 2 Operating electrical characteristics of the LVBM system used in this study. I_CEmax is the theoretical maximum current supported by the LVBM system in case of large-scale application (i.e., an array of MFCs in parallel), V_{CE max} is the maximum voltage supported by the LVBM.

I_CEmax

Current collector-emitter max

5

A

I_Bmax

Maximum base current

1

A

V_{CE max}

Maximum voltage collector-emitter

60

V

I _EET, _MFC

Bacterial extracellular electron transfer (EET) range tested in this study to drive the LVBM system

0.8–17

mA

V_MFC

MFC voltage operating range tested with the MFC

0.2–0.4

V

V_LVBM

Voltage LVBM range obtained

17–102

V

V_LVBM/V_MFC

DC–DC voltage gain

Up to 240

V/V

Temperature

LVBM operating temperature range

15–25

°C

R_LVB

Internal resistance of the LVB system only

91 ± 0

Ω

R_M

Internal resistance of the voltage multiplier unit

N/A

Ω