Figure 1

COVID-19 clinical triad and ACE2 physiological roles link COVID-19 to ACE2 dysfunction. (A) Schematic representation of the clinical triad that play central role in severe COVID-19. (B) Schematic representation of the key components of the kinin–kallikrein, renin–angiotensin and coagulation systems and their interfaces with ACE2. (C) ACE2 Protein–Protein Interaction Network. ACE2 interactome was retrieved with the data-mining toolkit string-db (https://version-11-0.string-db.org/cgi/network.pl?taskId=KwL0Kho7pBZf). First shell interactors of ACE2 were set as colored nodes, while second shell interactors were set as white nodes. Edges indicate known molecular action of a protein node regarding another protein node. ACE2 is directly connected to components of the kinin–kallikrein (bradykinin), renin–angiotensin and coagulation systems.