Table 1 Bi-parametric enzymatic systems for simultaneous determination of l-lactic and l-malic in wines described in the literature.
Device | Detection (species) | Enzymes (l-lactate; l-malate) | LOD (l-lactate; l-malate) | Sampling | Working stability | Samples | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIA and enzyme reactors | Fluorimetry (NADH) | l-LDH; l-MDH | 0.05; 0.1 mM* | 4 min/sample | 6 months | 20 commercial wines | |
FIA, enzyme reactors and Clark electrode | Amperom. (O2) | LOX; MDH/DP | 0.01; 0.05 mM* | 4 min/sample | – | 9 commercial wines | |
FIA and dialysis membrane | Fluorimetry (NADH) | l-LDH; l-MDH | 0.11; 0.11 mM | 4 min/sample | – | 20 Spanish wines | |
FIA, nylon multienzymatic membranes and Clark electrode | Amperom. (O2) | l-LOX/d-LDH/HRP; l-MDH/HRP | 0.028; 0.037 mM | 4 min/sample | 70% after 200–300 measurem | 10 commercial wines | |
Graphite composite transducer | Chronoamp. (Ferricyanide) | l-LDH/DP; l-MDH/DP | 0.011; 0.010 mM | 3–6 min/sample | 5–25 measurem | 3 Italian wines | |
PPy bienzymatic membranes and Pt electrodes | Chronoamp. (Ferrocyanide; HAR) | LOX/HRP; MDH/DP | 0.0032 mM; 0.067 µM | 5 min/sample | 92% after > 80 measurem | MLF of 3 Spanish wines | This work |
