Figure 10
From: Early prediction of macrocrack location in concrete, rocks and other granular composite materials
(Color online) Heightened interdependency among bonds in \(B(\mathcal {F}_E)\) predispose them to cascading failure. (a) Grains colored red (blue) belong to the upper (lower) portion of the specimen in D1. (b) Proximity to fracture of bonds in \(B(\mathcal {F}_E)\). Link types are colored red (TT—tensile force chain grains), green (NN—neither is a tensile force chain grain), blue (TN—one is a tensile force chain grain, the other is not) for the highlighted region in (a) at: (c) stage 2 and (d) stage 6. Recall Stage 2 is when the tensile force chain network is first established and stages 2–6 see a steady increase in the applied tensile load. Line thickness is proportional to the magnitude of the contact force. (e) Evolution of bonds as failure cascades in \(B(\mathcal {F}_E)\) across stages 9–11 in D1. Similar trends apply to D2 (not shown).
