Figure 4
From: Early prediction of macrocrack location in concrete, rocks and other granular composite materials
(Color online) Failure is characterized by a transmission of energy and force near the global flow capacity of the bond network. (a,d) D1. (b,e) D2. (c,f) D3. Evolution of the realized flow and the maximum flow \(\Phi _{max}(\epsilon )\) in \({\mathcal {N}}\): energy flow (a,b,c), force flow (d,e,f). Dashed vertical line marks the stage at peak load. Note that the sample is only partially split and some bonds remain in the macrocrack path at the final stage m.
